Study Unit 3 Flashcards
Process innovation and Product innovation
It is the change in the production process of a product or service. It has to do with increasing productivity and reducing costs eg the comparison of electronic mail versus delivered mail
This is the change of a products characteristics that leads to changes in the way consumers view the product eg wireless connection to the internet as opposed to access by means of a cable
Creativity VS Innovation
It is a personal discovery process which is partly unconscious leading yo new and relevant ideas
Is critical for the long term success of a business and a creative product is the key to innovation
Problem solving
Algorithm problems with known solutions or existing processes that lead to a single answer
Heuristic problems that have no known solutions yet
Algorithmically reactive and proactive
Reactive. When responding to change that has a known solution it is merely implemented and there is no need for a creative solution
Proactive. If change is predictable it can be responded to proactively to prevent it. The solution is known it should be implemented. It refers to the so called maintenance issues
Heuristic reactive and proactive
Reactive. Change is sometimes encountered for which we do not have an answer ready and known solutions don’t work it’s a predicament
Proactive. With change opportunities come up. Eg is a situation in which you decide to actively pursue some desirable possibility like meeting consumer needs
Incremental innovation (strategy)
Focuses on the redesign of existing models or products that serves costs in terms of time and money and leads to the retention of existing customers e.g Apple Inc is a well know incremental innovator
Reasons why ll mangers need creative problem solving skills
The need for continuous innovation. The competitive market requires increasing value for customer.
Logical thinking is sometimes insufficient. Logical thinking takes existing knowledge nd rules into account when a problem must be solved.
Creative thinking and problem solving benefits all business functions and management tasks.
It assists in the research for unexplained opp. The creative problem solving process can be used in structured way to search for unexplouted opportunities
Businesses are forced to adopt to changes in the environment if they are to stand a chance to survive and grow.
Intellectual stumbling block and how to overcome it and example of an intellectual stumbling block
An intellectual stumbling exist when we don’t have the necessary thinking skills to find a successful solution or is unable to use thinking skills effectively. /an unwillingness to use new solutions or approaches
Overcome
Keep up to date in your study of field. Read journals so you can make sure that you do jot use yesterday’s technology to solve today’s problems
Learn how to use creative problem solving techniques. Act as a stimulus to thinking and help evoke construct and reconstruct knowledge and information
Eg
To rely on logical thinking and yo be hesitant to use critical and creative thinking in combination.
Get caught up in the status quo.
The inability to abandon an unsuccessful approach.
Functional fixedness.
To judge while generating ideas
Emotional stumbling block
The root of most emotional stumbling blocks is probably insecurity. Regardless of whether it is an insecurity of self life parents job death unknown or new situation
Overcome
Get to know yourself.
Take calculated risks.
Have courage and self confidence.
Eg
Fear. Is an obstacle that leaves a person powerless because it is an internal and largely subjective experience. Failing Appearing stupid Rejection
Lack of focus and frive.
Low self esteem
Inability to clearly communicate your ideas
Resistance against inconsistencies
Cultural stumbling block
Result from conditioning to accept what us expected or viewed as normal in a given situation
Overcome
The approach that it is not polite to be too inquisitive or to ask too many questions is an indication od ignorance
Stereotyping
Silke of change
Eg
Be open to new ideas. Do not discard new ideas because either sound strange to you
Perceptual stumbling block
Obstacles that prevent us from observing someth8ng clearly
Overcome
Question things.
Learn something outside your field of study
Look at things from a different perspective
Sharpen your observations
Eg
Difficulty in isolating the problem
Difficulty in noticing remote relationships
Narrowing a problem too much
Failure to investigate the obvious
The inability to look at a problem or situation from different viewpoints
Creative problem solving
Creativity and problem solving are closely related although Creativity is not always problem solving
With Creativity we mea an element of novelty whereas problem solving refers to a process during which we strive to bridge the gap between that which exists and that which we strive towards
Creative problem solving is thus an approach which attempts to create a nwe or different outcome in the search for a solution dor heuristic problem and it should be used when a problem is vague ill-defined and ambiguous
