Study Unit 2: Organizational Behavior

Question 1

List the four elements of an organization

Answer 1

1. Coordination of effort in a cooperative social arrangement
2. Common objective or purpose
3. Division of labor (efficient work specialization)
4. Hierarchy of authority

Question 2

What are the two types of groups

Answer 2

1. Formal
2. Informal

Question 3

A group consists of at least two individuals who

Answer 3

Interest freely,
Recognize themselves as group members (common identity) , and
Agree on the reason for the group (common purpose)

Question 4

Define Productivity

Answer 4

Productivity is the ratio of real output to a unit of input

Question 5

Explain the difference between effectiveness and efficiency

Answer 5

Effectiveness is the achievement of goals and efficiency is the ratio of output to input

Question 6

Define cohesiveness

Answer 6

Cohesiveness is the tendency of members to adhere to the group and unite against outside pressures

Question 7

Define Motivation

Answer 7

Motivation is the set of Internet and External forces that stimulate enthusiasm to persist in a course of action

Question 8

List the core job dimension of Hackman and old hams job characteristics model.

Answer 8

1. Skill Variety
2. Task identity
3. Task Significance
4. Autonomy
5. Feedback

Question 9

_______is an unstructured, nonjudgmental group approach that relied on spontaneous contribution of ideas.

Answer 9

Brainstorming

Question 10

List Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs from lowest to highest

Answer 10

1. Physiological needs
2. Security or safety needs
3. Affiliation or acceptance needs
4. Esteem
5. Self-actualization

Question 11

Organizational decline results from

Answer 11

Decreased demand, resource limitations, or mismanagement

Question 12

List three approaches to job design

Answer 12

1. Job rotation
2. job Enlargement
3. job enrichment

Question 13

Define Productivity

Answer 13

Productivity is the ratio of real output to a unit of input

Question 14

What are organizational charts

Answer 14

Organization charts represent the formal organizational structure in two dimensions: Vertical hierarchy and horizontal specialization

Question 15

Define Whistle Blowing

Answer 15

It is the reporting to internal or external parties of wrongful conduct

Question 16

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic rewards

Answer 16

Extrinsic rewards are received from others. Intrinsic rewards are the internal satisfaction that results from certain actions.

Question 17

What are the two classes of motivational factors under Frederick Herzberg’s two factor theory of motivation?

Answer 17

1. Dissatisfies
2. Satisfiers

Question 18

What is groupthink?

Answer 18

The tendency of individuals committed to the group to ignore input that varies from the group opinion.

Question 19

List common political tactics within an organization

Answer 19

Posturing
Empire building
Making the supervisor look bad
Collecting and using social favors
Creating power and loyalty cliques
Engaging in destructive competition

Question 20

What is equity theory?

Answer 20

According to equity theory, employee motivation is affected significantly by relative as well as absolute rewards.

Question 21

Define reinforcement as it relates to behavior modification

Answer 21

Reinforcement is something (reward, punishment) that results in repetition or inhibition of a behavior.

Question 22

What are the two process-based theories of motivation?

Answer 22

1. Goal setting theory
2. Expectancy theory