Study Unit 2: Motivational Theories And Behaviors

Question 1

Define Motivation

Answer 1

Set of internal and external forces that stimulate enthusiasm to persist in a course of action

Question 2

Rewards received from others are

Answer 2

Extrinsic rewards

Question 3

_____are the internal satisfactions that result from certain actions.

Answer 3

Intrinsic Rewards

Question 4

Under what scheme would workers pay depend on the ratio of individual productivity to average productivity amount all co-workers in a field

Answer 4

Relative Incentive Scheme

Question 5

Under what scheme would individual pay only depends on individual productivity.

Answer 5

Absolute Incentive Scheme

Question 6

According to _____ employee motivation is affected significantly by relatives as well as absolute rewards.

Answer 6

Equity Theory

Question 7

According to Equity theory, when inequity is perceived employees are motivated to eliminate the inequity. What are three possible responses to balance inequity

Answer 7

1)Alter Inputs to the job (exert less effort)
2) Alther the outcomes (asking for a raise
3) Alter the perceptions (inflating job status)

Question 8

What is Maslows Hierarchy of needs (lowest to highest)

Answer 8

Physiological needs (basic requirements)
Security of Safety Needs (protection from threats)
Affiliation or Acceptance Needs (social needs)
Esteem (the need to be valued by ones self and others)
Self actual action (high need, need to realize ones own potential)

Question 9

Define ERG

Answer 9

Existence
Relatedness
Growth

This theory is a similes version of Maslows hierarchy

Question 10

According to ERG Theory, the _______ of not fulfilling a higher level need may result in_____

Answer 10

Frustration
Regression

Question 11

What is one method of motivating employees by a better balance of work/life

Answer 11

A flexible job schedule

Question 12

According the Herzberg’s two factor theory of motivation, what two classes of motivational factors exist in the job situation

Answer 12

Dissatisfies (Policy administration, supervision, working conditions, Interpersonal relations, salary, status, job security)

Satisfiers (Achievement, Recognition, Challenging work, Advancement, Growth, responsibility)

Question 13

Name 4 theories of motivation

Answer 13

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
ERG Theory
McGregors Theory X and Theory Y
Acquired needs theory

Question 14

What are McGregorys Theory X and Theory Y models use for

Answer 14

They define the extremes of managers opinions on employee conduct. They permit a manager to evaluate his or her own tendencies

Question 15

Define McGregors Theory X Model Perspective

Answer 15

Autocratic manager:
Most people dislike work
People must be controlled and threatened so they will make an adequate effort
Most people want to be directed, lack ambition and primarily seek security

Question 16

Define McGregors Theory Y Perspective

Answer 16

An extreme opposite of Theory X, Theory Y is the perspective of the permissive manager and assumes the following:
1. Physical and mental effort is natural
2. Control and threats are not effective
3. Commitment to objectives is proportional to rewards/accompliments
4. Most people can Learn to seek responsibility
5. Intellectual ability is not fully realized
6. Ability to use imagination and creativity to solve problems is common

Question 17

According to the acquired needs theory, some needs are learned not inherent. Name three of these needs

Answer 17

Acheivement
Affiliation
Power

Question 18

Define the need for achievement

Answer 18

The need for achievement is satisfied by high performance and skill in completing difficult assignments.

Question 19

What is the need for affiliation

Answer 19

The need for affiliation is satisfied by personal relationships and conflict avoidance.

Question 20

What is the need for power

Answer 20

The need for power is the desire for influence or control, responsibility, and authority over subordinates.

Question 21

What is the definition of an organization

Answer 21

Social entity that is GOAL directed and Deliberatly structured.

Question 22

What are four elements of an organization

Answer 22

1) Coordination of effort in a cooperative social arrangement
2) A common objective or purpose
3) Division of Labor(Efficient work specialization)
4) A Hierarchy of Authority

Question 23

What is authority

Answer 23

Authority os the legitimate right to direct, and to expect performance from, other people to achieve the organizations goals.

Question 24

An organizations performance is based off its effectiveness and productivity. Define Effectiveness

Answer 24

Achievement of goals by providing value to customers over time. It should be contrasted with efficiency

Question 25

What is efficiency

Answer 25

The ratio of output to input

Question 26

Define productivity

Answer 26

The ration of REAL output to REAL input

Question 27

What is the definition of organization effectiveness

Answer 27

An organization needs to be effective beyond the near future. It should be efficient, grow, be profitable, satisfy society’s and stakeholders expectations, learn, adapt, develop, and survive.

Question 28

How does Organization decline occur

Answer 28

Through management complacency. It has the following characteristics
Lack of innovation
Faulty percenption of markets and reputation
Failure to observe or properly appraisal initial warning signs of decline
Not focusing on daily objectives

Question 29

What are Organizational Charts

Answer 29

They represent the formal organization structure in two dimensions
Vertical hierarchy
Horizontal Specialistation