Study Unit 2 Flashcards
Facultative organisms
Cells that can switch metabolic pathways to allow them to grow with or without oxygen.
Aerobic organisms
Cells that require oxygen for growth and metabolism.
Anaerobic organisms
Cells that are inhibited by oxygen.
Psychrophiles
Cells that can grow at low temp. (below 20 degrees Celsius).
Mesophiles
Cells that can grow in the temp. range of 20 to 50 degrees Celsius
Thermophiles
Cells that grow best at higher temp. (above 50 degrees Celsius)
Microbial diversity - Nutrient availability
Some organisms can grow in environments with almost no obvious source of nutrients (extremophiles).
Spherical cell’s name
coccus (plural - cocci)
Cylindrical cell’s (rod-shaped) name
bacillus (plural - bacilli)
Spiral-shaped cell’s name
spirillum (plural - spirilla)
Three main cell types
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes (archaebacteria and eubacteria)
Viruses
Prokaryotic cells
Organisms without a cell nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells
Organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures, internal membranes and a cytoskeleton.
Heat resistance of prokaryotes
High heat resistance
Heat resistance of eukaryotes
Low heat resistance
Viruses
Small infectious agents that can only replicate and survive in living cells
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
All genetic information in free-living cells is contained on the DNA.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
Bacteriophages
Virus that targets bacteria
Macronutrients
Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Hydrogen Phosphorous Sulphur Potassium Magnesium
Cellulose
Cellulose is a polymer of beta-glucose
Comma shaped cell’s name
vibrio
Alkalophiles
Organisms that grow best with a pH of 9
Acidophiles
Organisms that grow best with a pH of 1 to 2