Study Unit 1 Flashcards
Biotechnology
The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones etc.
Bioengineering
The use of artificial tissues, organs, or organ components to replace damaged or absent body parts
Biological engineering
The application of engineering principles to analyse biological systems and to solve problems in the interfacing of these systems with human-designed machines, structures, processes and instrumentation.
Biochemical engineering
Biochemical engineers conduct studies on biological substances (cells, viruses, proteins etc.) to determine optimal conditions for growth or inhibitors that can stop or kill them.
Biomedical engineering
The application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (basically bioengineering).
Biomolecular engineering
The application of engineering principles and practices to the purposeful manipulation of molecules of biological origin.
Who is the “father of microbiology”?
Antoine Philips van Leeuwenhoek
Genetic engineering
Direct manipulation of an organism’s genome using biotechnology. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome, or by synthesising the DNA, and then inserting this construct into the host organism.
Microbiology
The study of microscopic organisms, either unicellular, multicellular or acellular.
Acellular
Lacking cells
Multicellular
Cell colony
Protein synthesis
Occurs when cells generate new proteins. Over time an organism loses cellular proteins due to degradation or export and these proteins have to be replaced.
Biochemistry
The study of chemical processes within living organisms.
Endocrine system
Collection of cells, glands and tissues of an organism that secrete hormones to control the organism’s physiological and behavioural activities.
What do proteins break down into when you eat food?
Amino acids
