STUDY STUDY STUDY Flashcards
Floral arrangements designed with visual paths along which the eye is led from one point of interest to another are called __________.
line arrangements
A snapdragon is also known as a _________.
Antirrhinum majus
Tissue-cultured plantlets require special attention during the acclimation process from the laboratory to the greenhouse in order to avoid __________ and ensure crop __________.
losses, uniformity
Consumers encounter Alstroemeria frequently in the retail marketplace, as it is one of the World’s top _____ cut flowers.
10
A physiological disorder of geraniums caused by high moisture levels in the root media is __________.
oedema
Orchids are distinguished from other flowers by a structure called the sepal.
false
The single most important aspect of perennial gardening is ____________________.
timing the bloom
There are two different purposes for using artificial lighting. First, lamps can be used to provide additional light to increase photosynthesis and plant growth. This is termed __________ lighting. Second, lamps can be used to alter the photoperiod perceived by the plants. This is termed __________ lighting.
Supplemental, photoperiodic
Dianthus caryophyllus is the genus and species for which flower?
Carnation
If the pH of the growing medium is too low, the quickest remedy is the injection of acids into the irrigation system.
false
There is an abbreviation for the mathematical differences between the day temperature and the night temperatures. Identify that abbreviation.
DIF
For vertical color, whether it is in the garden, a cut flower bouquet or an arrangement, you can’t beat Antirrhinum majus.
true
Alstroemeria hybrids are also known as ____________________.
Princess lily
Many growers apply a shading compound or shade cloth from late spring to early fall to reduce heat stress that results from high light levels entering the greenhouse.
true
The conductive tissue in the stem that transports water and minerals from roots to the leaves is called the __________.
xylem
The term texture as it applies to plants includes such adjectives as __________, __________, and __________.
fine, medium, bold
Shape is two dimensional, while form is ____________________.
Three dimensional
When the source of __________ is removed, the concentration of the __________ drops quickly, thereby releasing lateral branches from __________ dominance and allowing them to develop.
Auxin, hormone, apical
The most commonly used growth retardant is __________.
Cycocel
Many crops today are offered as tissue-cultured plantlets, stage 2 or 3. This form of vegetative propagation offers many advantages to growers, primarily in that plants grown from tissue are __________ and __________.
Disease free, quick growing
Zantedeschia rehmannii, Z. elliotoana, Z. hybrids also known as __________.
calla lily
Place cut Antirrhinum majus stems vertically as soon as possible after harvest; stems placed horizontally may begin to bend upward in as little as __________.
30 minutes
Evaporative __________ __________ help to offset the heat load caused by __________ light, thus effective greenhouse cooling allows the grower to provide __________ light levels before heat stress is problematic.
cooling pads, high, higher
__________ __________, identified by yellowing or interveinal chlorosis of young leaves, is the primary problem for plants growing in a __________ pH medium.
Iron deficiency, high
Limited induction photoperiod is a __________ technique for controlling elongation of long-day herbaceous perennials.
Non-chemical
Confucius taught that real enjoyment consists of __________ and __________.
Simplicity, contemplation
The principal of total compatibility of all parts of an arrangement with each other is termed __________.
rhythm
The most popular orchid potting material is __________.
fir bark
The arrangement of flowers referred to as a “Full Couch Spray” is used for _________________________.
top of closed casket
Day length is shortest on __________ and increases until __________; thereafter, it decreases.
December 21, June 21
These summer-blooming perennials produce dense, bristy balls of blue color:
Global thistle
All but one of the following is easily suitable for pressing. Which one is not suitable?
daffodil
There are certain soil requirements for building a terrarium. Too much soil looks heavy, while too little soil will not hold the root system. In general, what is the correct amount of soil in relation to the height of the container?
25%
Alstroemeria produce two types of shoots __________ and __________.
flowering, vegitative
An orchid having a horizontal stem from which numerous shoots arise is called _______________.
Sympodial
Snapdragons should be stored and shipped __________ at all times to prevent __________ of the spikes. Snapdragons can be stored for _____ to _____ days, dry or in water, at 40 F (4 C).
Upright, curvature, 3,4
Most Callas sold today from the United States are __________ year old true seed hybrids.
two
Treated seed virtually __________ viral, fungal, and bacterial disease at the time of planting, greatly __________ disease in professional grower products.
Eliminates, reducing
Seed-grown tubers generally produce __________ eyes, which means plants will have a __________ number of flowers and leaf sprouts.
more, higher
Natural photoperiods vary during the year and by __________.
latitude
By understanding the critical photoperiod for lower induction, growers can manipulate photoperiods to make plants either __________ or __________.
vegetative, reproductive
Powdery mildew is a water mold in the same calss of fungi as Pythium and Phytophthora, which produces its characteristic symptoms on lear undersides.
false
Botrytis blight is also known as __________.
tulip fire
There are two main types of symptoms observed with Botrytis blight, __________ or __________ leaf spots.
nonaggressive, aggressive
The colonial bouquet is a __________ bouquet that is popular for both __________ and __________.
round, bridges, bridesmaids
The crescent bouquet is one variation of the cascade bouquet that is designed in a _____ shape. The cascade style is a beautiful design for elegant of formal weddings.
C
Sympathy flowers are important to __________ the deceased and __________ the living.
Honor, comfort
A grouping of different types of plants potted in the same container is known as a __________ __________.
Dish garden
The foundation for a casket spray is a __________ __________.
Casket saddle
A __________ __________ is an organized business tool to state the business’ purpose and goals and estimate the financing needed to fund the new florist.
Business plan
Floriculture production in the United States is valued at about $__________ at farm gate.
4.7 billion
The leading floriculture production states are __________, __________, and __________.
California, Florida, Texas
Florida floriculture crop production is valued at $__________.
765 million
True or False. Watering greenhouse plants is one of the easiest jobs faced by growers.
False
When should plants be watered?
Just before wilting or water stress occurs
Perched water table means that the container has __________ at the bottom of the container right after watering, when drainage has occurred.
Free-water
This is __________ because it is not held by the root medium.
Free-water
_____ factors need to be considered to achieve a successful fertility program.
Five
When certain elements are provided in excess to plants, uptake of other nutrients may be hindered. One example of a mineral antagonism is the ____________________ interaction; a 1:1 ratio is recommended for most floriculture crops.
Nitrogen-potassium
The optimum pH range for most crops growing in a soilless medium is __________.
5.8-6.4
American floriculture crops are considered to be __________ quality if they are well branched and __________, with multiple flowers that open __________.
High, full, simultaneously
True or false. Pinching artificially accelerates a plant’s branching and growers commonly use three types of pinched plants.
true
The process of pinching a plant removes the __________ factory and eliminates the __________ concentration of the __________ hormone from the upper portion of the plant.
Auxin, hormone, inhibitory
When the source of __________ is removed, the concentration of the __________ drops quickly, thereby releasing lateral branches from __________ dominance and allowing them to develop.
Auxin, hormone, apical
A time tested rule is to pinch when roots are ____________________ and __________ of the __________ after removing the plant from its pot.
Visible at the sides, bottom, medium
_______________ growers first began growing their rose plants using bent stems in the 1980’s.
Japanese
Rose plants used for the bent stem technique are started as __________ node cuttings, which are rooted and grown frequently in _____ _____ _____.
Single, rock wool cubes
Cut roses are divided into hybrid teas, spray roses, and __________.
sweetheart
There are less than __________ dozen rose breeders specializing in commercial cut flower varieties.
2
Roses generally are graded according to __________ of stem
length
The greenhouse comes “alive” only after its __________, or __________, is applied. A glazing’s primary purpose is to allow __________ into the greenhouse while allowing the grower to manipulate the environment __________ the greenhouse.
Glazing, cover, light, inside
There is/are _____ type(s) of growing floors.
5: natural soil, sand and gravel floors, ground cloth, porous concrete, concrete
The __________ component of watering is the easy part because the scientific principals can be taught and learned. The __________ of watering is extremely difficult to teach. It is determining when plants need to be watered and then applying water properly.
Science, art
While it costs __________ to produce pinched plants in terms of __________ and __________, the __________ quality is achieved with pinched plants in terms of size, fullness and flower performance.
More, labor, time, highest
True or false. Flower arranging differs from other arts in that it has its own media (arrangers grow their own materials).
True
The Japanese confine their displays of flower arrangements to specific areas as a matter of __________ and __________.
Ritual, custom
The Chinese method of handling flowers is founded on __________, preservation of life, and appreciation of __________.
Symbolism, beauty
Confucius taught that real enjoyment consists of __________ and __________.
Simplicity, contemplation
True or false. A few flowers in a vase can describe the whole life history of a plant, as well as display the beauty of a perfect bloom.
True
A creative art form using space along with line, form, color, and texture to create the floral arrangements by using plant material and other components.
Abstract design
