Study Review Class Flashcards
What is utilitarianism? What type of moral theory does this fall under?
Greatest good for greatest number of people, consequentialism - right or wrong based off of end result
What is a maximizing doctrine?
One is required to do the most good to be moral
What is the difference between Act utilitarianism vs rule utilitarianism?
Act = apply to each specific scenario
Rule = Follow rules that we suppose to cause the most good
What is a deontological moral theory? What is the most well known version of this?
Action is right or wrong based on adherence to dules/principles, the most well known is kantian ethics
What are the 2 categorical imperatives?
- Act according to the maxim where if one does it it should be a universal law
- Use people not as a means to an end, but as an end itself (autonomy)
What is normative dominance?
Moral override other norms
What is universality?
Apply norms consistently in similar situations
In terms of moral norms, what is impartiality?
There is equal consideration of all unless morally differences exist
What is agent neutrality vs agent relativity?
Agent neutral - The demand that moral norms apply to all equally
Agent relativity - some people’s suffering is more important from a subjective point of view
What is reasonableness?
moral judgements must be backed by good reason
What are the types of right?
Obligatory and Permissible and superogeratory
What is the harm principle?
We curtail autonomy to prevent harm to others
What is the principle that says above all else do no harm?
Non-Malfeasance
How does beneficence apply to people differently?
It is an obligation to do good and may apply only to professionals where it is in their jobs.
What is reductionism?
It is the reducing of personhood to a biological category and can lead to the neglect of other ways of understanding humans eg. depression is serotonin imbalance
What is phenomenology?
The branch of philosophy focused on studying first person experience/consciousness
What is the difference between Higgs and Collins in truth telling?
Collins - They can’t handle the truth
Higgs - We have a duty to tell the truth, be concerned with the quality of communication
What is the difference between morality and legality in informed consent?
Moral - always obligated to increase goodness, promote moral truth telling
Legal - necessity, just prohibit
