Study Notes Package From Lipids-End Of Package Flashcards
Lipids are generally 1.______ in water, and they are 2._____ and 3.____
- insoluble
- waxy
- oily
What three elements do lipids contain, and what is the H:O ratio of them
C,H,O
much larger then 2:1 ratio
Name some lipid functions
Some:
- long term energy storage in adipose (fat) tissue
- Insulations around major organs and subcutaneous
- Structural: cell membranes
- Hormones: Cholesterol, sex hormones
4 common lipids
Fatty Acids
Neutral Fats
Phospholipids
Steroids
What lipid has 16-18 carbons with the acid group at the end
Fatty acid
Whats the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
Saturated has no double bonds; it is saturated with hydrogen atoms, which makes it solid, an example being butter
Unsaturated has double bonds; not saturated with hydrogen atoms, usually liquids like oils and margarine
What lipid is formed by replacing one fatty acid in a triglyceride(3 fatty acids+glycerol) with a phosphate-containing group
Phospholipid
What does the replacing in the phospholipid do to the molecule
It causes the molecule to be polar, which is hydrophilic or water loving
The tail part of a phospholipid is non-polar, and is hydrophobic, or water fearing
What lipids are formed from glycerol plus fatty acids
Neutral fats
What are the three type of neutral fats
Monoglyceride, Diglyceride, Triglyceride
1,2, or 3 fatty acids plus glycerol
What lipids have four fused carbon rings
Steroids…. such as sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone and cholesterol( insoluble, blocks arteries)
An emulsifier is a substance such as soap that is made from a 1._____(lye) and a 2.____(fatty acids). Its non polar on one side and polar at the other side so it attracts water
- base 2. fat
What does an emulsifier do?
They break a large glob of fat into many smaller droplets, increasing the surface area of the fat so that it can be further broken down
What is the function of a nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are chemicals which carry hereditary or genetic information
DNA——} 1.___________acid
RNA——} 2.___________acid
- Deoxyribonucleic
2. Ribonucleic
DNA makes up 1.________ and genes. It controls 2.____ ___ _________, including cell division and protein synthesis. It also undergoes mutations which are important to the process of evolution
- chromosomes
2. all cell activities
DNA is a 1.______ helix structure made up of G= 2.______, C=3.______, A=4._______, T=5.______.
- double
- Gianine
- Cytosine
- Adenine
- Thymine
RNA works with DNA to direct _____ _______
protein synthesis
Contrary to DNA, Rna is made with nucleotides, aswell as C=1.________, G=2._________, A=3._______, U=4.______
- Cytosine
- Guanine
- Adenine
- Urasil
DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides that form from the ______ __________ between nucleotides
dehydration synthesis
__________ consist of a five-carbon sugar(pentose- either ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base(which may have one or two rings)
Nucleotides
The sequences of these nucleotides is the _____ code
genetic
There are ______ different nucleotides in DNA
four
ATP means……
Adenosine triphosphate
ATP is also an important nucleotide which is NOT part of a nucleic acid. It is ______ currency for the cell
energy
