Study Notes Package From Lipids-End Of Package

Question 1

Lipids are generally 1.______ in water, and they are 2._____ and 3.____

Answer 1

1. insoluble
2. waxy
3. oily

Question 2

What three elements do lipids contain, and what is the H:O ratio of them

Answer 2

C,H,O

much larger then 2:1 ratio

Question 3

Name some lipid functions

Answer 3

Some:

• long term energy storage in adipose (fat) tissue
• Insulations around major organs and subcutaneous
• Structural: cell membranes
• Hormones: Cholesterol, sex hormones

Question 4

4 common lipids

Answer 4

Fatty Acids
Neutral Fats
Phospholipids
Steroids

Question 5

What lipid has 16-18 carbons with the acid group at the end

Answer 5

Fatty acid

Question 6

Whats the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 6

Saturated has no double bonds; it is saturated with hydrogen atoms, which makes it solid, an example being butter
Unsaturated has double bonds; not saturated with hydrogen atoms, usually liquids like oils and margarine

Question 7

What lipid is formed by replacing one fatty acid in a triglyceride(3 fatty acids+glycerol) with a phosphate-containing group

Answer 7

Phospholipid

Question 8

What does the replacing in the phospholipid do to the molecule

Answer 8

It causes the molecule to be polar, which is hydrophilic or water loving
The tail part of a phospholipid is non-polar, and is hydrophobic, or water fearing

Question 9

What lipids are formed from glycerol plus fatty acids

Answer 9

Neutral fats

Question 10

What are the three type of neutral fats

Answer 10

Monoglyceride, Diglyceride, Triglyceride

1,2, or 3 fatty acids plus glycerol

Question 11

What lipids have four fused carbon rings

Answer 11

Steroids…. such as sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone and cholesterol( insoluble, blocks arteries)

Question 12

An emulsifier is a substance such as soap that is made from a 1._____(lye) and a 2.____(fatty acids). Its non polar on one side and polar at the other side so it attracts water

Answer 12

1. base 2. fat

Question 13

What does an emulsifier do?

Answer 13

They break a large glob of fat into many smaller droplets, increasing the surface area of the fat so that it can be further broken down

Question 14

What is the function of a nucleic acid

Answer 14

Nucleic acids are chemicals which carry hereditary or genetic information

Question 15

DNA——} 1.___________acid

RNA——} 2.___________acid

Answer 15

1. Deoxyribonucleic

2. Ribonucleic

Question 16

DNA makes up 1.________ and genes. It controls 2.____ ___ _________, including cell division and protein synthesis. It also undergoes mutations which are important to the process of evolution

Answer 16

1. chromosomes

2. all cell activities

Question 17

DNA is a 1.______ helix structure made up of G= 2.______, C=3.______, A=4._______, T=5.______.

Answer 17

1. double
2. Gianine
3. Cytosine
4. Adenine
5. Thymine

Question 18

RNA works with DNA to direct _____ _______

Answer 18

protein synthesis

Question 19

Contrary to DNA, Rna is made with nucleotides, aswell as C=1.________, G=2._________, A=3._______, U=4.______

Answer 19

1. Cytosine
2. Guanine
3. Adenine
4. Urasil

Question 20

DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides that form from the ______ __________ between nucleotides

Answer 20

dehydration synthesis

Question 21

__________ consist of a five-carbon sugar(pentose- either ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base(which may have one or two rings)

Answer 21

Nucleotides

Question 22

The sequences of these nucleotides is the _____ code

Answer 22

genetic

Question 23

There are ______ different nucleotides in DNA

Answer 23

four

Question 24

ATP means……

Answer 24

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 25

ATP is also an important nucleotide which is NOT part of a nucleic acid. It is ______ currency for the cell

Answer 25

energy