Study Beginning of Package to end of carbohydrates part

Question 1

Name the 4 biological molecules

Answer 1

Protein
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

Question 2

Life On earth is…..

prolly not on test

Answer 2

Carbon Based

Question 3

_____ is the study of chemicals of life

_____ is the study of carbon compounds

Answer 3

Biochemistry

Organic Chemistry

Question 4

How many available covalent bonds does Carbon have

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Can carbon form strong bonds with itself?

Answer 5

Yes; it allows the formation of long carbon chains, which can be straight or branched with many combinations

Question 6

What’s another name for a polymer, and what is it

Answer 6

Macromolecule, it is a large molecule formed from repeating subunits of smaller molecules

Question 7

What are proteins, DNA, and starch

Answer 7

Polymers

Question 8

Try explaining Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 8

Notes for it:
-this process forms large molecules from small molecules
-in process, water is produced as a byproduct. It’s also how two amino acids form a dipeptide
Read Notes

Question 9

Hydro=_____

Lysis=_____

Answer 9

Water

Split

Question 10

What is Hydrolysis

Answer 10

• Opposite reaction to dehydration synthesis. Water breaks up another molecule
• Read Notes for more

Question 11

What are the unit molecule of proteins

Answer 11

Amino Acids

Question 12

What is Polymerization

Answer 12

It’s how a chain of amino acids is linked together to form a protein

Question 13

_____ amino acids linked together is called a dipeptide

Answer 13

Two

Question 14

Proteins are usually at least __-__ amino acids/peptides long

Chains greater then two amino acids long are called ____

Answer 14

50-75

polypeptides

Question 15

How Many levels of Protein Structure

Answer 15

Primary-1
Secondary-2
Tertiary-3
Quaternary-4

Question 16

Explain Primary Structure

how many amino acids can be used

Answer 16

• Order or sequence in which the amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain
• 20 different amino acids

Question 17

In secondary structure, what can the primary structure twist into?

What bonds form to make up the backbone(Hint= weak bonds)

Answer 17

Helix or bending into a pleated sheet

H and O- hydrogen bonding

Question 18

What does the Tertiary Structure do

Answer 18

• A complex folding of the secondary structure into a 3D/Globular shapes
• Bonds that form are ionic, covalent, H-bonds, and S-S bonds between cysteines
• This is the functional shape of the protein(enzymes)

Question 19

Explain what the Quaternary structure is

Answer 19

• Two or more tertiary protein molecules bound together into a globular mass
• Held together by the same bonds found into the tertiary structured
  e. g) Hemoglobin

Question 20

Name the 6 protein functions
\_\_\_\_\_\_(e.g: keratin- hair,nails)
\_\_\_\_\_\_(e.g: salivary amylase)
\_\_\_\_\_\_(e.g: insulin)
\_\_\_\_\_\_(e.g: hemoglobin)
\_\_\_\_\_\_(e.g: actin and myosin[muscles])
\_\_\_\_\_\_(e.g: immunity)

Answer 20

1. Structural
2. Enzymes
3. Hormones
4. Blood Proteins
5. Movement
6. Antibodies

Question 21

What can protein denaturation be caused by -3 WAYS (e.g: milk curdling, egg whites changing colour)

Answer 21

1. Temperature
2. pH
3. chemicals like heavy metals

Question 22

What are carbohydrates made up of, as well as the ratio of H-O

Answer 22

Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

2:1 ratio of H-O

Question 23

What are the three types of carbohydrates

Answer 23

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Question 24

Explain in your words the main difference between mono, di, and polysaccharides

Answer 24

• Monosaccharides are building blocks for large carbohydrates, also are simple sugars
• Two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis are disaccharides
• many monosaccharides bonded together(often glucose) make polysaccharides

Question 25

Glucose can form these three sugars….

Answer 25

Starch+water
cellulose+water
glycogen+water

Question 26

Two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis is a _______

Answer 26

Disaccharide

Question 27

A polysaccharide that:
Has Alpha Linkage
Is a Storage molecule in plants
Has few branches

Answer 27

Starch

Question 28

A polysaccharide that:
Has beta linkage
Is indigestible
Is a structural molecule in plants
Straight chain

Answer 28

Cellulose

Question 29

A polysaccharide that:
Has Alpha linkage
Are storage molecules in animals
Has many branches

Answer 29

Glycogen

Question 30

Name some of the carbohydrate functions

Answer 30

Some notes

• Energy production in the body(glucose is the energy source for cells)
• Energy source…….. Starch in plants and glycogen in animals
• Cell membrane markers/receptors