Study Notes Flashcards
Children ( toddlers and babies)NPAGS
0-5 Everyday Low Variety - floor based At least 3hrs < 2= no screen, 2-5 = 1hr/day
NPAGS
National physical activity guidelines
- the basic guidelines that need to be made in order to gain some health benefits
- made by the Australian government health
NPAGS different categories
(FITT) Frequency Intensity Type Time Other info
Children NPAGS
Everyday Mod-vig Variety - weight bearing, motor skill 60min + No more than 2hrs of screen(electronic media)
Youth NPAGS
12-18 Everyday Mod-vig Variety 60min <2hrs of screen (preferably 1 hr week nights)
Adult NPAGS
18-65 5+ days Mod-vig All variety 30 min ( doesn't have to be continuous) 4 guidelines
Older adult NPAGS
65+ 5 days Mod Variety- strength/balance- gentle 30+ min
Overweight/ obese NPAGS
Everyday
Mod
Variety- all
60+min
Adults once weight has been lost
Everyday
Mod
Variety- all
60-90min
Overweight/ obese NPAGS
Everyday Mod Age appropriate PA 30+ min ( more than current) < 2hrs of media per day
Adult NPAGS 4 guidelines
- think of movement as an opportunity and not an inconvenience
- be active EVERYDAY in as many ways as you can
- put together at least 30+ mins of mod intensity PA on most or all days
- if possible do vig activity for extra health benefits
PA DIMENSIONS
FITT Frequency Intensity Type Time
PA DOMAINS
do main ways to exercise
HALO or GOAL
Household, Active transport, Leisure, Occupational
Or
Gardening, Occupational, Active transport, Leisure
Sedentary behaviour
Being inactive
Low energy expenditure
<2 METS
Sufficiently active
Getting enough PA to meet the guidelines
Reactivity
Changing PA behaviour I.e could be due to direct observation
METS
Metabolic equivalent table
- measure of energy expenditure during activity
LOW Intensity
Lightest form, little energy expenditure
< 3 METS
< 50 MHR
walking, golf, gardening
MODERATE intensity
Mod energy expenditure, sustained rhythmic movement
3-6 METS
50-70 or <85 MHR
dancing, cycling
VIG Intensity
High energy, substantial increase in HR and RR
7+ METS
70 or 85+ MHR
skipping, boxing, squash
Purposes of measuring PA (population level)
- identify frequency and distribution trends
- monitor
- study relationships
- identify the biological, psychological and environmental factors influencing PA
- evaluate effectiveness
Subjective measures
Relies on a person recalling which activities they participated in and their perception of how intense the activity was
Examples: self report/proxy report( carer), recall (survey), diaries and logs
Self/proxy report
Incl: self administered and interviews, recalls through the use of interviews, questionnaires, diaries or logs
Proxy report- when an individual reports on the behalf of someone else eg, parent- child, carer - patient
Self/proxy report advantages
- ability to assess PA across multiple domains
- low participant burden
- low cost
- administered quickly to large audience
- can predict approx energy expenditure
- can be qualitative or quantitive
Self/proxy report disadvantages
- validity problems- social desirability bias, ( what people think they should say)
- recalling can be hard - kids, older adults
- Sensitivity - peeps changing habits when they know bout a test? Eat better, more PA
Recall
( usually a survey)
- short, simple questions
- recalling behaviours
- can be proxy or self
- active Australia survey
Recall advantages
- low participant burden
- low cost
- gives info across multiple domains
- can provide basic data to assess PA patterns in a population
- administered quickly to a large audience
- can predict approx energy expenditure
- can be qualitative or quantitive
Recall disadvantages
- validity probs - social desirability bias
- recall problems e.g. Kids, elders
- sensitivity I.e change in diet and/or PA levels
Diaries and logs
Diaries - records all sources of PA in a set time frame
PA logs - documents the PA behaviour or activities being studied by a researcher
Diaries and logs advantages
- Able to assess PA across all domains
- low participant burden
- low cost
- administered quickly to a large audience
- can predict approx energy expenditure
- qualities or quantitive
Relationship between objective and subjective measures
List: practical- accuracy
Generally as the increasing practicality decreases accuracy and vice versa Recall surveys (s), pedometers(o), accelerometers (o), physical logs or diaries (s), direct observation (o)
Objective measures
Uses either direct observation or a device to gain solid data
E.g, direct observation, HR monitoring, pedometers, accelerometers
Heart rate monitoring
- Records beat per minute (bpm)
- widely used to measure PA
- there is a linear relationship between HR, VO2 ( oxygen consumption) and EE ( energy expenditure)
Heart rate monitoring advantages
- strong association with energy expenditure
- valid in lab or field settings
- less of a participant burden
- good description of several dimensions of PA among adults
- quick and easy data collection
Heart rate monitoring disadvantages
- Expensive with large populations
- some discomfort caused after long periods of time
- only useful for aerobic activity
- HR is influenced by other factors , age, gender, shape, size, medication, mood
- changes in HR lag behind change in PA, can underestimate someone’s PA and mask sporadic activities
