study guide wk 3 Flashcards
Know the types of changes that may occur from adaptive responses to injury (i.e, metaplasia, neoplasia, etc.)
Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia (more cells), Metaplasia (transformation, reversible), Dysplasia (changesin size, organization, pre-cancer), neoplasia (tumor formation)
Hypertrophy can be causes by both physiologic and pathologic processes, know some examples of each
physiologic: striated muscle or weigth lifters,
pathologic:cardiac muscle in hypertension
endocrines, growth factors, gene expression, proteins
What is the significance of anaplasia, what are the two chief findings of anaplasia?
anaplasia: total loss of differentiation as might occasionally be seen in malignant neoplasms , increased N/C ratio.de-differemtiation, loss of organization , etc
Know the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary (delayed closure) intentions
wound healing
primary: regeneration, edges approximated, scab, dermal healing via scarring
secondary: failure of first intention, forein material, necrosis, infection, etc
tertiary: surgical, sutures
What is the difference between hypoplasia and agenesis?
Hypoplasia – defective formation or incomplete development of a part
Agenesis – absence/failure of formation
Know the different basic types of stem cells, and which basic tissue types have labile, stable, and permanent cells
Totipotent (also extra-embryonic,placental)–>pluripotent–>blood, muscle, nerve etc
Labile cells , primary- continuously dividing (Epidermis, mucosal epithelium, GI tract epithelium )
Stable cells - low level of replication(Hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelium, pancreatic acini)
Permanent cells - never divide (Nerve cells, cardiac myocytes, skeletal)
What are the three stages of fracture healing?
Procallus – provides anchorage, but no structural rigidity
Fibrocartilagenouscallous
Osseous callous
What is the difference between a traumatic fracture and a pathologic fracture?
pathologic: moth eaten, malignancy
traumatic: due to sustained trauma
