Study guide Test 1 Flashcards
Allegory
Telling story in a way that reveals a message
Perspective
Way to use lines that recede to perspective point to create the illusion of depth as seen by one person at a fixed point
Classicism
An aesthetic based in the culture, art and literature of Ancient Greece and Rome with the emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, clarity of structure, perfection, restrained emotion, as well as explicit appeal to the intellect
Humanism
Emphasize the importance of the human rather than devine influence. Humanist use reasoning to solve problems
Individualism
Humanism emphasizes human reasoning (rather than devine intervention) and Individualism posits that an individual is capable of great achievement
Christianity
While Renaissance artists and thinker were Humanists and Individualist, they were also Christian, some more devout than others
Harmony
The idea that all elements of a composition should have simple, logical relationships one with another. Certain sizes of shapes look together in a composition
Idealism
Truth exists in the real of ideas rather than what we might find in the physical world
Empiricism
Knowledge comes from perception (of the physical world)
Realism
Make things look real and merely a symbolic representation of a thing
Chiaroscuro
The painting technique that uses dark colors to help define the shadow on objects and this make them look real
Contrapposto
An asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure in which the line of the arms and shoulders contrast with while balancing those of the hips and legs
Renaissance marks the beginning of the
1) Modern age, influencing various aspects of Western society
2) Including: Education, science, art and governance
Renaissance last approximately
100 years and commenced around 6 centuries ago
Classical Antiquity
Greek and Roman influence
The period of Classical Antiquity also known as:
1) Classical Era
2) Classical Period
3) Classical Ages
4) Refer to the time between: 800 BCE - 500 AD
Greek and Roman ideas significantly influenced:
1) Politics
2) Science
3) Mathematics
4) Arts
The Renaissance saw a revival of
1) Greco-Roman ideas
2) Shaping various aspects of European culture
Greco-Roman and the Renaissance notable figures such as:
1) Pythagoras
2) Socrates
3) Plato
4) Aristotle
5) Caesar Augustus
6) Julius Caesar
Greco-Roman Influence and the Renaissance played crucial role in this
Cultural exchanges
Greek sought to understand the
1) Principle of beauty
2) Involved mathematical concepts
The human form in Greek art was depicted based on
Mathematical proportions and such as the body being nearly seven heads tall
Greek utilized simple ratios and fractions, including:
1/2 and 1/3 in their architectural designs, sculpture, and pottery
Example include the Parthenon in Anthen known for
Its carefully justified proportions and intricate marble sculptures
Essential Sculptures of Greco-Roman Antiquity
1) Lacoon group
2) Depict stories from ancient Greece
3) Showcase intricate details and emotions
Unseen the Greco-Roman Antiquity
1) The politics until the Renaissance
2) Influenced subsequent artistics movement like Baroque
The Colosseum, completed around
200 CE and exemplifies Roman architectural prowess and engineering
The Colosseum its design principles include:
1) Balancing spacing
2) Simple mathematical ratios, and utilization of arches
The Pantheon in Rome and built around
100 CE and showcases perfect symmetry and simple ratios
Pantheon’s principle designs influenced by
1) Pythagorean concepts
2) Exemplify beauty through mathematical precision
Contrapposto: Naturalism in sculpturing technique originating from
1) Ancient Greece
2) Depict the human body in a natural and realistics stance
Contrapposto technique characterized by
1) A subtle shift in weight
2) An s-curve posture, enhances the lifelike quality of sculptures
Greek and Roman art and architecture continues to
1) Influencing contemporary artistics practices
2) Demonstrating the enduring legacy of Classical Antiquity
Renaissance timeline were
1450-1600 CE and signaled the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era
Florence, Italy emerged as the epicenter due to
Cultural, economic, and political factors
Renaissance means
“Rebirth” referencing the revival of classical Greek text
Brunelleschi’s Dome major starting point for
1) Renaissance art
2) Utilizing ancient Roman architectural methods
Michaelangelo and the Sistine Chapel
Iconic moments in Renaissance artistry
Laocoon and his Sons
Classical Greek sculpture influencing Renaissance art
Classical Greek Art
Emphasized ideal proportions and mathematical precision
Contrapposto
A new advancements in Greek art, introducing naturalistics poses
Renaissance sculptures were example by
Donatello and Michaelangelo demonstrate Contrapposto and ideal proportion
Architectural Influences were the study of ancient Roman including
The Pantheon influence Renaissance architects
Architectural Influences were utilization of
Simple ratios and symmetry in Renaissance building
Roman amphiheaters and aqueducts showcases
Classical architectural feature and techniques like: “Palladian” massing, emphasizing symmetry and simplicity, reflect Renaissance ideals
Artistics Techniques
1) Perspective
2) Chiaroscuro
3) Allegory
1) Perspective
Introduced spatial depth and realism, emphasizing individual perspectives
2) Chiaroscuro
Utilized dark colors to define shadows, enhancing realism
3) Allegory
Employed storytelling to convey deeper messages
Philosophical and Cultural Significance
1) Humanism
2) Classicism
3) Empiricism
1) Humanism
Emphasized human reasoning and the importance of the individual
2) Classicism
Drew inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman culture focusing on form and simplicity
3) Empiricism
Emphasized knowledge gained through perception of the physical world
Renaissance artists aimed for
Realism, capturing subtle details and naturalistics poses
Renaissance works often depicted
Biblical narratives, classical mythology, or humanists themes
Middle Ages
Period in Western History situated between the “Classical Antiquity” and the “Renaissance”
Middle Ages spanning from around
500 CE to about 1500 CE, it witnessed significant cultural, social, and artistics developments despite being commonly referred to as the “darks age”
Artistics Features
1) Flat Painted Features
2) Mosaics
3) Gothic Cathedrals
1) Flat Painted Features
Human forms in Middle Ages art are often depicted with flat, painted features
2) Mosaics
Were also prevalent in Middle Ages art, characterized by intricate patterns and designs
3) Gothic Cathedrals
During the Gothic period, towering and pointy cathedrals became prominent architectural features
Two types of architectures
1) Romanesque
2) Gothic
1) Romanesque
Dominant in the first half of the Middle Age and characterized by heavy, blocky structures with smaller arches, and window borrowed from Roman Style
2) Gothic
Toward the end of the Middle Ages, gothic architecture emerged with its distinctive feature such flyring buttresses, tall spires, and sharp triangles
Unlike the Renaissance, linear perspective was
Not developed during the Middle Ages
Linear perspective building and figure in Middle Ages art often appear
Jumbled together without realistics spatial representation
Proportion Representation of Figures
In Middle Age arts, may have incorrect proportion compared to realistics depictions
Evolution Representation of Figures
Overtime, there was a progression toward more realistics depiction of human figure with correct proportion, especially toward the end of the Middle Ages
Comparing with Renaissance
1) Often launch for its advancement of art and culture
2) Witnessed significance artistics achievement
Some argue that Renaissance artists
Merely built upon the ideas of Classical Antiquity and suggest that Middle Ages were more original in their approach
Middle Age commonly referred to as the
Dark Ages
Middle Ages were a period of
Significant artistics and architectural development
From Romansque to Gothic styles, Middle Ages reflect
A unique aesthetic sensibility and cultural milieu and distinct from both Classical Antiquity and Renaissance
