Final Test: All the Contents Flashcards
Color
Hue, saturation, and brightness
Texture
Surface quality, tactile feel (smooth, rough, etc.)
Shape
Two-dimensional, flat, enclosed space
Value
Lightness or darkness of a color
Line
Continuous mark, varying in width, length, and direction
Space
The area within or around objects; can be positive (occupied) or negative (empty)
Form
Three-dimensional shapes with volume
Balance
Distribution of visual weight (symmetrical, asymmetrical, radial)
Contrast
Differences in elements to create interest
Emphasis
Area that draws attention
Focal Point
Main area of interest
Unity
Cohesive quality; all parts work together
Variation
Use of different elements to create diversity
Pattern
Repeated elements to create a design
Primary Colors
Red, Yellow, Blue
Secondary Colors
Orange, Green, Violet
Tertiary Colors
Red-orange, Red-violet, Blue-green, Blue-violet, Yellow-green, Yellow-orange
Saturated Color
Pure, vibrant color
Tint
Color mixed with white
Shade
Color mixed with black
Tone
Color mixed with grey
Color Schemes
Monochromatic, complementary, analogous, split complementary, triadic, quadratic
Content (Subject Matter)
What the image depicts (e.g., a flower, a person, a unicorn)
Form (Formal Elements)
Descriptive characteristics (e.g., jagged lines, dark values, rugged texture)
Context
Information surrounding the creation (e.g., historical period, artist’s background, societal influences)
Ancient Greek and Roman Art
Two Keys Philosophers
1) Plato (Idealism)
2) Aristotle (Empiricism):
Plato (Idealism)
Focus on ideal truths and forms
Aristotle (Empiricism)
Knowledge through sensory experience and observation
Contrapposto
Natural stance in sculpture
Harmony
Balanced proportions
Ideal Forms
Perfected, idealized representations
Plato’s Cave
Allegory explaining the perception of reality
Greek Aesthetics and Math
Proportion and symmetry in art
Classicism
Adherence to ancient Greek and Roman principles
Renaissance
Revival of classical ideas, humanism, and naturalism
Baroque
Dramatic, detailed, and emotional
Rococo
Ornate, light, and decorative
Romanticism
Emphasis on emotion, nature, and individualism
Realism
Depiction of everyday life without idealization
Modernism
Break from tradition, experimentation, abstraction
Postmodernism
Skepticism of universal truths, irony, and eclecticism
Postmodernism Traits:
1) Reaction against modernism’s values
2) Emphasis on irony, skepticism, and critique of objective reality
Renaissance
1) Brunelleschi: Florence Cathedral Dome.
2) Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper.
3) Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel, David.
4) Raphael: School of Athens.
Baroque
1) Bernini: Dynamic sculptures.
2) Caravaggio: Dramatic use of light and shadow.
3) Artemisia Gentileschi: Powerful depictions of women.
Romanticism
1) Francisco Goya: Emotional and political works.
2) Jose Posada: Mexican printmaking.
Realism
1) Honore Daumier: Social and political commentary.
2) Jean Francois Millet: Depictions of rural life.
Modernism
1) JMW Turner: Pioneer of abstraction.
2) Vincent Van Gogh: Expressive brushwork.
3) Claude Monet: Impressionist landscapes.
4) Henri Matisse: Bold use of color and texture.
5) Pablo Picasso: Cubism, abstraction.
6) Piet Mondrian: De Stijl movement, abstract forms.
7) Kurt Schwitters: Dadaist, Merz.
Postmodernism:
1) Frida Kahlo: Surrealism, personal symbolism.
2) Marcel Duchamp: Readymade objects.
3) Salvador Dali: Surrealist explorations of the unconscious.
4) Dorothea Lange: Documentary photography.
5) Kathe Kollwitz: Expressionist works on war and suffering.
6) Mary Cassatt: Intimate domestic scenes.
7) Helen Frankenthaler: Color field painting.
8) Jackson Pollock: Abstract expressionist drip paintings.
9) Eva Hesse: Process art, minimalism.
10) Sol LeWitt: Conceptual art.
11) Bridget Riley: Optical art.
12) Mark Rothko: Color field paintings.
13) Andy Warhol: Pop art.
14) Diane Arbus: Complex, often unsettling photographs.
15) Judy Chicago: Feminist art.
16) Maya Lin: Vietnam War Memorial.
17) Cindy Sherman: Self-portraits exploring identity.
18) Marina Abramovic: Performance art.
19) Barbara Kruger: Text and image works on power and identity.
20) Tara Donovan: Sculptural installations.
21) Kara Walker: Deconstruction of racial and historical narratives.
What are the 1st and 2nd waves of feminism?
1) First Wave: Focused on legal issues, primarily women’s suffrage (late 19th to early 20th century)
2) Second Wave: Broader issues including equality in the workplace, reproductive rights, and sexual liberation (1960s-1980s)
Why did a group of British Romanticists call themselves the Pre-Raphaelites? Who were they inspired by and why?
Pre-Raphaelites
Called themselves this to reject the academic art standards after Raphael, favoring the detailed and vibrant style before him. They were inspired by medieval and early Renaissance art for its detail, vivid colors, and complex compositions
What art movement is associated with the counter-reformation? What is greater context for this?
Baroque
This movement is associated with the Counter-Reformation as the Catholic Church used art to inspire faith and convey religious themes with emotional intensity and grandeur
What is one absolute marker of modernism?
Abstraction
Modernism is characterized by a break from traditional forms, often using abstraction to explore new artistic expressions
Name two ways the Enlightenment influenced the artists?
1) Reason and Individualism: Emphasis on rationality and human intellect.
2) Scientific Observation: Greater interest in nature and human anatomy
Martin Luther and Protestant Reformation: What was their big criticism?
Indulgences
Luther’s main criticism was the sale of indulgences, which he viewed as a corrupt practice by the Church
Name two ways you know it’s Baroque art
1) Dramatic Lighting: Use of intense contrasts between light and dark (chiaroscuro)
2) Dynamic Composition: Sense of movement and emotional intensity
What are hallmarks of Rococo painting?
1) Lightness and Elegance: Pastel colors, playful themes, and ornate detail
2) Asymmetry and Curves: Graceful, flowing lines and whimsical subjects
What are the characteristics of postmodernism?
1) Skepticism and Irony: Questioning of universal truths and objective reality
2) Eclecticism: Mixing of different styles and mediums, often with playful or critical undertones
