Study Guide Terms

Question 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

Haploid

Answer 2

Cell with single set of unpaired chromosomes

Question 3

Nucleotide

Answer 3

Form basic structural unit of DNA

Question 4

Cytosine

Answer 4

One of the four main bases, Pairs with Guanine, Pyrimidine

Question 5

Guanine

Answer 5

One of the four main bases, Pairs with Cytosine, Purine

Question 6

Adenine

Answer 6

One of the four main bases, Pairs with Thymine, Purine

Question 7

Thymine

Answer 7

One of the four main bases, Pairs with Adenine, Pyrimidine

Question 8

Histone

Answer 8

Group of proteins found in chromatid

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

Type of cell division that results in four daughter cells , each having half the chromosomes as parent cell

Question 10

G-1 Period

Answer 10

Part of interphase , cell grows physically larger, copies organelles, and makes the molecular building blocks it will need in later steps.

Question 11

S Period

Answer 11

the cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus.

Question 12

Metaphase

Answer 12

Chromosomes line up on metaphase plate, attached to spindle fibers

Question 13

Telophase

Answer 13

Chromosomes relax , spindle breaks down, new membrane is created around the two different sides

Question 14

Prophase 1

Answer 14

Condensing chromosome , get rid of MB and nucleolus , find pairs and crossover happens. Without crossing over there would only be 2 combinations

Question 15

Anaphase 1

Answer 15

Separate homogulous pairs , establish haploid conidition

Question 16

Prophase 2

Answer 16

Condense chromosomes , make spindle

Question 17

Anaphase 2

Answer 17

Move chromatids apart

Question 18

Asexual reproduction

Answer 18

Uses Mitosis

Question 19

Crossing over

Answer 19

happens during Meiosis ( Prophase 1 ) exchange segments of chromosomes for genetic diversity

Question 20

Centromere

Answer 20

Holds sister chromatids together

Question 21

Homologous chromosome

Answer 21

Chromosome pairs , same centromere position , same gene locations and gene types ( can have different variations ex, One positive for tongue roll and the other negative, but same gene type )

Question 22

Diploid

Answer 22

Cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes

Question 23

Primary spermatocytes

Answer 23

After interphase , Diploid , Goes through Meiosis 1 , Product is Secondary Spermatocyte

Question 24

Spermatid

Answer 24

Com from Secondary Spermatocyte.
Male sex cell formed from a spermatocyte.
Haploid

Question 25

Oogonium

Answer 25

Happens in the ovaries , produces ovum

Question 26

Secondary oocyte

Answer 26

Haploid , go through meiosis 2

Question 27

Ovum

Answer 27

gamete produced by female

Question 28

Semiconservative

Answer 28

relating to or being genetic replication in which a double-stranded molecule of nucleic acid separates into two single strands

Question 29

Purine

Answer 29

Adenine Guanine , Double ring base

Question 30

Pyrimidine

Answer 30

Cytosine Thymine , Single ring base

Question 31

DNA Polymerase

Answer 31

enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides,

Question 32

RNA Polymerase

Answer 32

enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence,

Question 33

DNA Ligase

Answer 33

enzyme which can connect two strands of DNA together by forming a bond between the phosphate group of one strand and the deoxyribose group on another.

Question 34

Chromosome

Answer 34

A structure in all living cells that consists of a single molecule of DNA bonded to various proteins and that carries genes

Question 35

Mitosis

Answer 35

Asexual reproduction , Heal and Grow , Cell division where result is same number of chromosomes that the cell started with

Question 36

Interphase

Answer 36

Where DNA is replicated ( Only applies to Interphase 1 ) | Interphase 2 no replication , resting

Question 37

G-2 Period

Answer 37

Produces organelles and protein to get the cell started

Question 38

Prophase

Answer 38

Condensing , Form spindle , get rid of nucleolus and MB

Question 39

Anaphase

Answer 39

Pulls away from metephase plate / each other

Question 40

Cytokinesis

Answer 40

Part of cell division where the two new cells are formed

Question 41

Metaphase 1

Answer 41

Line homogolous pairs up , independent assortment

Question 42

Telophase 1

Answer 42

Chromosomes gather at the two sides of cell and get ready for division. New MB forms around the two soon to be new cells

Question 43

Metaphase 2

Answer 43

Chromosomes line up at metaphase plate

Question 44

Telophase 2

Answer 44

MB forms around each new set of chromosomes

Question 45

Sexual reproduction

Answer 45

Fusion of haploid female gamete and haploid male gamete

Question 46

Independent assortment

Answer 46

How homogolous pairs line up on the metaphase plate

Question 47

Chromatids

Answer 47

One half of a replicated chromosome

Question 48

DNA Hilicase

Answer 48

Unwinds the DNA

Question 49

Spermatocyte

Answer 49

Male germ cell , divides into spermatids through meiosis

Question 50

Secondary Spermatocyte

Answer 50

Goes through Meiosis 2

Question 51

Sperm

Answer 51

Male gamete

Question 52

Primary oocyte

Answer 52

Produced in the ovary during female gametogenesis

Question 53

Polar Body

Answer 53

bud off from an oocyte at the two meiotic divisions and do not develop into ova.

Question 54

Gamete

Answer 54

Cells used during sexual reproduction , Sperm and Ova