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Biology 160 UNIT 4 > Study Guide Questions 1 > Flashcards

Study Guide Questions 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

This macromolecule is made of the following three molecules : pentose sugar , phosphate , and a nitrogenous base .

A

DNA

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2
Q

Adenine will form two hydrogen bonds to which DNA nucleotide

A

Thymine

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3
Q

A purine will bind to which molecule in the above list

A

Thymine or Cytosine

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4
Q

These nucleotides have a nitrogenous base that has a double ring structure

A

Purine

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5
Q

These neculeotides have a nitrogenous base that has as single ring structure

A

Pyrimidine

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6
Q

What is the name of the protein portion of the chromosome

A

Histones

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7
Q

The most descriptive term for DNA replication

A

?

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8
Q

Cytosine will form three hydrogen bonds to which DNA nucleotide

A

Guanine

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9
Q

Which molecule is responsible for connecting individual nucleotides to each other during DNA replication? The direction of nucleotide binding is from the 5’ to 3’ direction

A

DNA polymerase

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10
Q

A molecule which is composed of two strands twisted into a double helix

A

DNA

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11
Q

This cellular structure is composed of deoxyribonucleotides and protein

A

Chromosome

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12
Q

The result of which process produces two new cells having half the number of chromosomes from the original cell

A

Meiosis

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13
Q

The result of which process produces two new cells having the same number of chromosomes from the original cell

A

Mitosis

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14
Q

What is the name of the process that divides the cytoplasm into two nearly equal cytoplasmic masses

A

Cytokinesis

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15
Q

During which phases of mitosis does the chromosome consist of two sister chromatids

A

Metaphase

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16
Q

If the original chromosomal number of a cell is 48 and the product of cell division has 24 chromosomes, which type of cell division took place ?

A

Meiosis

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17
Q

What is the proper sequence of phases for mitosis

A

Interphase , Prophase , Metaphase , Anaphase , Telophase , Cytokinesis

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18
Q

Which type of cell division produces siter chromatidds that are not identical due to breakage and moving of the DNA

A

Meiosis

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19
Q

What is the proper sequence of periods and phases for meiosis

A

Interphase Prophase , Metaphase , Anaphase , Telophase , Cytokinesis , Prophase 2 , Metaphase 2 , Anaphase 2 , Telophase 2 , Cytokinesis 2

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20
Q

In what period is the DNA molecule replicated

A

Interphase

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21
Q

This process produces daughter cells that are indenticle to each other

A

Mitosis

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22
Q

What is the last period of interphase

A

G-2 Period

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23
Q

This process produces daughter cells that are indentical to the parent cell

A

Mitosis

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24
Q

The period that precedes DNA Replication

A

G-1 Period

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25
Q

This process produces daughter cells that are not identical to each other

A

Meiosis

26
Q

During which of the three parts of the cell cycle is the nucleus divided

A

S Period ???

27
Q

This process produces daughter cells that are not identical to the parent cell

A

Meiosis

28
Q

What period of the cell cycle is followed by cytokinesis

A

Telophase

29
Q

Genetic variation is produced by what mechanisms

A

Crossing over and Independent assortment

30
Q

If a human cell has 23 chromosomes what would its ploidy be

A

Haploid

31
Q

This special protein holds two replicated DNA strands together

A

DNA polymerase

32
Q

What is the ploidy of a gamete

A

Haploid

33
Q

This protein attaches sister chromatids to each other

A

Cohesin ??

34
Q

If a cells chromosomal number is 66 what would the ploidy be

A

Diploid

35
Q

During what phase are the chromosomes lined up at the spindle equater

A

Metaphasse

36
Q

If a cell has two complete sets of chromosomes what type of ploidy is it

A

Diploid

37
Q

Condensation of the chromosomes occurs during this phase

A

Prophase

38
Q

When in the cell cycle are the genes replicated

A

Interphase

39
Q

When do the centromeres separate allowing the chromsomes to move the opposite poles of the cell?

A

Anaphase

40
Q

During which phase do the microtubular spindle fibers attach to the centromere

A

Metaphase

41
Q

What process is absolutely necessaru for sexual reproduction to take place?

A

Meiosis

42
Q

These structures are indentical until crossing over occurs

A

Homogulous Pairs?

43
Q

These structures pair up during meoisis

A

Homogulous pairs

44
Q

Chromosomes that have the same number of genes in the same location that code for the same proteins and are the same length are called

A

Homogulous pairs

45
Q

When does crossing over occur

A

Prophase 1

46
Q

During what phase do the homologous pairs line up at the spindle equator

A

Metaphase

47
Q

By what mechanisms is genetic variation produced

A

Crossing over , Independent Assortment

48
Q

These structures are helf together by a centromere

A

Two chromatids ? / Chromosome

49
Q

During which phase of meiosis does the chromosome consist of two sister chromatids

A

Interphase ?

50
Q

During what hase does the formation of homologous pairs occur

A

Prophase

51
Q

By the end of what phase is the chromosome number reduced by half

A

Cytokenisis

52
Q

In what phase of meiosis do the centromeres separate?

A

Anaphase 2

53
Q

During what phase do the homologous pairs separate?

A

Anaphase

54
Q

During what phase of mitosis do the centromeres separate

A

Anaphase

55
Q

What molecule is responsible for connecting the Okazaki fragments together during DNA replication

A

ligase

56
Q

What molecule is responsible for unwinding the DNA molecule during DNA replication

A

DNA helicase

57
Q

The result of this type of reproduction produces new cells having half the numbr of chromosomes from the original cell

A

Meiosis

58
Q

The result of this type of reproduction produces new cells having the same number of chromosomes from the original cell

A

Mitosis

59
Q

This type of reproduction produces daughter cells that are identical to each other

A

Mitosis

60
Q

This type of reproduction produces daughter cells that are not identical to the parent cell

A

Meiosis

61
Q

During what period are the genes replicated ?

A

S phase / Interphase

62
Q

This type of cell division produces daughter cells that are identical to each other

A

Mitosis

Biology 160 UNIT 4 (5 decks)

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