Study Guide Questions Flashcards
(1 point) An employee confined to a wheelchair as a result of a birth defect would be an example of:
a) Surface level diversity
b) Deep level diversity
c) Both
d) Neither
a) Surface level diversity
(2 points) Please define “managing diversity”.
Creating organizational change to enable all people to perform up to their maximum potential
(6 points) Please explain 4 reasons for why organizations should pay attention to diversity. Describe each benefit in a few sentences and, where possible, provide examples.
- To avoid lawsuits/reputation loss. It can be costly to treat people differently so you might take action just to avoid others taking action against you. Examples: Goldman Sachs (gender bias), Coca-Cola (racial discrimination), Google (gender bias and paying ex-employee despite sexual harassment allegations) –> Large fines and statements that they will review their policies
- To improve company reputation. Example = GAP. Announced that they would pay men and women in the same roles equally. External consultants confirmed the 1-to-1 ratio. Have 70% females in their workforce and larger share of women across all levels compared to other top companies. (however: beware of diversity washing)
- For moral reasons. Prejudice has excluded people of certain demographics from work, so as a matter of fairness/the right thing to do, organization should strive for changes that lead to equal treatment.
- For business reasons, i.e. to (hypothetically) improve performance. Benefits: access to diverse markets, more learning, benefit from more perspectives, more complex problem formulation, innovation & creativity
(1 point) When a person encounters someone who does not fit a stereotype, the person will be likely to change his/her stereotype. True or False?
False
(1 point) Gender refers to broad social constructions to masculinity and femininity, such as stereotypes and roles. True or False?
True
(2 points) Please define “social role theory”
Roles form expectations/demands for individuals to exhibit particular traits and behaviours
(2 points) Please define “stereotypes”
Stereotype = cognition. Knowledge structures that make people associate certain characteristics with particular groups. (e.g. all people in RACIAL GROUP are lazy)
(6 points) Please explain what implicit stereotypes are, how IAT works (briefly) and whether or not they predict behaviors (and, if they do, how that happens).
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(6 points) Please explain how evolutionary theory explains differences between men and women. In your explanation, make sure to reference sexual selection theory.
Evolutionary theory view differences between men and women’s thoughts, actions, and behaviours as biologically fixed. This is consistent with essentialism, which is the tendency to view category members as sharing deep immutable properties that determine who they are.
Evolutionary theory builds of sexual selection theory, which states that to pass on your genes, an individual must not only survive, but also reproduce. This means that they must possess traits that potential mates find attractive, and these traits then become more common in successive generations.
Men can have 100s of children –> not picky –> choose physically attractive women (sign of health)
Women face costs from pregnancy –> highly selective –> look for men who can provide resources and ensure child survival –> dominant men with high social status are selected
(1 point) Gender harassment is the most prominent form of sexual harassment in the workplace. True or False?
True
(1 point) After a person engages in recovery strategies following their gender expectation violation, their self-esteem increases. True or False?
False
(2 points) Please define “stereotype threat”
Fear of confirming a negative stereotype about your group causes you to underperform
(2 points) Please define “glass cliff effect”
Offering leadership positions in poorly performing companies to women (have tried other things, can blame woman if things still go bad)
(6 points) Please explain what happens when a woman promotes herself during the hiring process and what happens when a woman makes her motherhood status known. Make sure to specify why the effects you listed occur.
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(6 points) Please explain what self-selection bias is and how it manifests in education and career choice.
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