Study Guide: Know that... Flashcards
the primary motor cortex is ___ organized : ___
somatotopically; homunculus
___ only receive unilateral contralateral innervation
muscles of the limbs
most muscles of the head and neck, with a few exceptions, receive ___ innervation
bilateral
apraxia is an impairment of ___
motor planning
the ___, in general, is responsible for motor planning
frontal lobe
the ___ and ___ tracts make up the pyramidal system; it is responsible for ___
corticospinal / corticobulbar; the execution of voluntary movements
the corticobulbar tract innervates ___
all the muscles of the head and neck
the extrapyramidal system helps to ___
regulate reflexes and maintain posture and tone
damage to the extrapyramidal system results in ___ and ___
hyperreflexia and spasticity
___ do NOT directly synapse on the lower motor neurons (LMNs)
control circuits
tremor, chorea, athetosis, dystonia, and myoclonus are all types of ___
dyskinesias
true or false: the cerebellum has lobes
true
the cerebellum has more ___ than ___ pathways
afferent; efferent
the main function of the cerebellum is ___ and ___
coordination of different muscle groups and balance
motor speech disorders (MSDs) tend to be closely associated with ___
damage to specific regions / systems within the nervous system
what is the origin of the current classification system for motor speech disorders (MSDs)?
mayo clinic in the late 60s
in the DIVA model, production of speech sounds starts via activation of cells in the speech sound map believe to be located in ___
the left ventral (inferior) premotor cortex and broca’s area
in the DIVA model, triggering-initiation of activated speech sounds occurs in ___
the initiation map in the SMA
in the DIVA model, motor commands describing the details of jaw height, tongue tip position, lip protrusion, etc. occurs in ___
the articulatory velocity and position map in the ventral motor cortex (primary motor cortex)
in the DIVA model, the two general components include ___ and ___
a feedforward and feedback control subsystem
in the DIVA model, the feedback subsystem compares an efferent copy to the ___ in order to ___
current auditory and somatosensory state; make any necessary adjustments
flaccid dysarthria is due to ___ damage
lower motor neuron (LMN)