Study Guide for Test 2 Flashcards
Lipoproteins:
fat globules that transport lipids throughout the body
Catabolism:
the set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions
Anabolism:
the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, these reactions require energy, known also as an endergoing process.
Breaking down molecules yields ___
energy
what is ATP
the main energy carrier
Liver=
the most important place for metabolism, very complicated organ.
Lipids:
amino acids, sugars, used for cellular energy and building blocks
the amount of energy your body burns over a day=
charging a phone 150 times
Basal Metabolic Rate
how many calories we burn at a resting rate (majority of energy we burn) (65-75%)
What organs (2) use the most energy
Brain and then muscles
Food to absorbable nutrients
amino acids, lipids, mono and disaccharides, vitamins
Steps of food getting broken down
Mouth
Stomach
Small intestine
Mouth:
chewing- mechanical breakdown of food!
The salivary glands secrete saliva
Stomach:
large muscle lined organ
chemical and mechanical digestion
(LOW pH)
Small intestine:
most digestion takes place here
Longers part of your digestive tract
Villi make the surface area huge
sugar and amino acids transported into cells by transporters
role of transporters in digestive tract:
sugar and amino acids transported into cells by transporters
large intestine:
absorbs water, this is where most of your gut microbiome takes place
food allergy:
occur when the bodys immune system reacts to certain proteins in food
food intolerance
ex: lactose intolerance
key feature of food intolerance like celiac:
no risk of anaphalxic
cells are ____ to recognize pathogens
pre programmed
common reason for food recall
undisclosed allergen
microbiome
all the microorganisms living on and in us
prebiotic
substance that promotes the growth of good
phylogenetic trees
show how things are related
