Study Guide For Physical Science Flashcards
1
Q
A small particle that is a building block of matter
A
Atoms
2
Q
Its value depends on the size of a sample
A
Size dependent
3
Q
Does not depend on the amount of matter present
A
Size independent
4
Q
The mass per unit volume of a substance
A
Density
5
Q
It is a homogenous mixture,it is evenly mixed, but not bonded together
A
Solution
6
Q
Matter that can vary in composition;no chemical reaction
A
Mixture
7
Q
A type of substance containing atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together
A
Compound
8
Q
A characteristic of matter that you observe or measure without changing the identity of matter
A
Physical properties
9
Q
Any of a material’s properties that becomes evident during,or after,a chemical reaction
A
Chemical properties
10
Q
A change in size,shape,form, or state of matter in which the matter’s identity stays the same
A
Physical change
11
Q
A change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into other substances with new physical and chemical properties
A
Chemical change
12
Q
When atoms bond together in new combinations
A
Chemical reaction
13
Q
The amount of substance in a certain volume
A
Concentration
14
Q
Type of mixture on which the individual substances are evenly mixed
A
Homogeneous
15
Q
Type of mixture in which the individual substances are unevenly mixed
A
Heterogeneous mixture
16
Q
Matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume
A
Solids
17
Q
Matter with a definite volume but no definite shape
A
Liquids
18
Q
Matter that has no definite shape or volume
A
Gases
19
Q
The uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid
A
Surface tension
20
Q
Type of state where the atoms come apart
A
Plasma
21
Q
Changing to gas to a liquid
A
Condensation
22
Q
The change of a state from a gas to a solid
A
Deposition
23
Q
The change of state from a solid to a gas;boiling and evaporation
A
Sublimation
24
Q
The change in state of a liquid into a gas
A
Vaporization
25
The energy an object has due to its motion
Kinetic energy
26
Stored energy due to the interactions between particles or objects
Potential energy
27
States that pressure of a gas increases if the volumes decreases and pressure of a gas decreases if the volume increases,when temperature is constant
Boyle's law
28
States that the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature if the pressure is constant
Charles's Law
29
A measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object
Temperature
30
The amount of force appointed per unit of area
Pressure
31
Be able to identify a change of state by a description
Freezing is changing a liquid to solid by the particles losing energy and clumping together
32
Be able to explain how energy of particles causes changes in the states of matter
It depends who fast the atoms are going
33
Explain how a ship made of materials that are much denser than water is able to float on water
The particles are close together and moving all the time that it makes a solid and it is hollow so that's why it floats
34
Atoms with a positive charge
Protons
35
Atoms with no charge
Neutrons
36
Atoms with a negative charge
Electrons
37
Most of the atom's mass and positive charge is concentrated in a small area in the center of an atom
Nucleus
38
When an alpha particle is made up of two protons and two neutrons
Alpha decay
39
When a neutron in an atom changes into a proton and a high energy electron
Beta decay
40
Do not contain particles,but do contain a lot of energy
Gamma decay
41
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Mass number
42
Did not believe that empty space exists;all matter is made up of fire,water,air,and earth
Aristotle
43
Atoms are small solid objects that cannot be divided created or destroyed
Democratis
44
He combined data from his own scientific research with data from the research of other scientists to propose the atomic theory
Dalton
45
Discovered that if the most of the air was removed from the tube and electricity was passed through the wires,greenish-colored rays traveled from one electrode to the other end of the tube;proposed that an atom was a sphere with a positive charge evenly spread throughout
Thomson
46
Discovered with the gold foil experiment that the alpha particles struck something dense and positively charged inside the nucleus;concluded that the atoms are mostly made of empty space
Rutherford
47
He experimented with adding electric energy to hydrogen and studying the energy that was released,that led to a revised atomic model;proposed that electrons move in circular orbits,or energy levels
Bohr
48
Explain Henri Bacquerel's discovery and how it happened
| .
He studied minerals containing the element uranium.If Becquerel covered a photographic plate with black paper,this energy would pass through the paper and expose the film.He left the mineral next to a wrapped,unexposed plate in a drawer.He opened the drawer unwrapped the plate and saw it had a image of the material.
49
What can differ between atoms of different elements
Atoms of different elements contain different number of protons
50
What have scientist had problems describing the shape and content of an atom?
Scientists don't know the speed and the exact location of an electron at any given moment
51
Describe where electrons are in an atom,where they have the lowest energy and where they have the highest energy?
The electrons move around the atom,and they have the lowest energy being farther away from the nucleus,and they have the highest energy being closer to the nucleus
52
A repeating pattern
Periodic
53
The rows on a periodic table
Period
54
A column on the periodic table
Group
55
The number of protons in an atom of an element
Atomic number
56
The elements in group 1
Alkali metals
57
The elements in group 2 on the periodic table
Alkaline earth metals
58
The elements in groups 3-12
Transition metals
59
an element in group 17 of the periodic table
Halogens
60
The elements in group 18
Noble gases
61
Why are noble gases called that
They only combine with other noble gases
62
Be able to explain the location of metals,nonmetals,and metalloids
Metals-left side
Metalloids-middle
Nonmetals-right side
63
What are the main characteristics of metals?
Has luster(ability to reflect light),good conductor of electricity and thermal energy,has ductility(ability to be pulled into thin wires),and malleability(ability to be hammered or rolled into sheets)
64
What are the characteristics of metalloids?
They are semiconductors (ability to conduct electricity at high temperatures but not at low temperatures),
65
What are characteristics of nonmetals?
Gases at room temperature,poor conductors of thermal energy and electricity,good insulators
66
What takes up three fourths of the periodic table ?
Metals
67
Which type of element would you predict is used to make computer chips?
Silicon because it is used for computers and other electronic devices
68
How many valence electrons are needed for most atoms to be considered chemically stable?
8 valence electrons
69
How many electrons will fill the firsts two electron clouds?
8
70
The attraction between positively and negatively charged ions in an ionic compound
Ionic bond
71
Chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons
Covalent bond
72
Group of atoms held together by covalent bonding that acts as an independent unit
Molecules
73
A bond formed when many metal atoms share their pooled valence electrons
Metallic bond
74
A molecule that has a partial negative end because of unequal sharing of electrons
Polar bonds
75
An atom that is no longer electrically neutral because it has lost or gained electrons
Ions
76
Example of covalent bond
Water
77
Example of ionic bond
Salt
78
Shows atoms and valence electrons
Dot diagram
79
Shows atoms and lines;each line represents one shared pair of electrons
Structural formula
80
Balls represent atoms
Ball and stick model
81
What is one of the most abundant metals on earth
The metalloid silicon
82
A group 2 element such as beryllium is an example of an....
Alkaline earth metal
83
a group 1 element such as potassium is an example of an......
Alkali metal
84
How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
In rows and columns accord in to their properties
85
Which state,not described how melting point changes across a period on the periodic table?
Melting point increases and then decreases
86
Sometimes conducts electricity like a metal and sometimes blocks the flow like a nonmetal
Semiconductor
87
Where are the majority of the metals in the periodic table?
In groups 1-12
88
Which group of elements is between the metals and nonmetals
Metalloids
89
What allowed scientists to see an individual atom for the first time ?
Scanning tunneling microscopes
90
The atomic theories of Dalton and Democritus included the idea that atoms....
Cannot be divided created or destroyed
91
Two atoms of different elements will definitely have different number of....
Protons
92
Based on his research,James Chadwick concluded that.....
The nucleus contains neutrons as well as protons
93
An ion that has a negative charge is formed when an atom....
Gains electrons
94
What is a weighted average that reflects the abundance of different isotopes?
Average atomic mass
95
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
Isotopes
96
Which is a property of covalent bonds?
Poor conductor
97
Which type of covalent bond is the strongest ?
Triple covalent bond
98
What is an ionic bond formed between?
A metal and a nonmetal
99
A bond between positively and negatively charged atoms
Ionic bond
100
A force that holds atoms together
Chemical bond
101
A chemical bond formed when valence electrons are shared among positively charged atoms
Metallic bond
102
Describe how the atomic numbers of the different elements change as you move from left to right on the periodic table
They increase as you move from left to right
103
Anthing that has mass and takes up space
Matter
104
Spheres represent atoms;used to show three dimensional arrangement of atoms
Space filling model
