STUDY GUIDE ? FOR MIDTERM Flashcards
1
Q
Give some examples of natural resources in Siberia.
A
Minerals, coal, timber, gas, and oil
2
Q
What happened to religion under the Soviets?
A
Prohibited or not allowed
3
Q
Where/when did Confucianism originate?
A
China 2500 years ago
4
Q
What is a big problem for Japan today with concern to waste and how are they trying to fix it?
A
- -Too much garbage and nowhere to put it
- -Sending it to the Philippines
5
Q
What are Japan and South Korea’s relationships with the US like today?
A
Economic partners
6
Q
What has water pollution in China caused?
A
Disease, cancer and illness
7
Q
What were the effects of the Meiji Restoration?
A
Japan became more modernized and industrialized
8
Q
What is a pollution issue with the water in China?
A
- -Pesticides
- -Pollution from factories
- -Acid rain
9
Q
In the 1980’s Mikhail Gorbachev implemented two policies. What were they called? Explain each.
A
- -Glasnost- allowed criticism of the government “openness”
- -Perestroika- Restructuring of the economy and government, no more central planning
10
Q
What does it mean if a country is considered homogeneous?
A
- -Ethnically the same
- Example: Most people who live in China are ethnically Chinese
11
Q
What is the area west of the Ural Mountains in Russia called? What is its largest city?
A
European Russia
12
Q
What was the goal of the USSR during the Cold War?
A
To spread communism
13
Q
What can its literacy rate help tell you about a country’s economy?
A
- -The higher the literacy rate the better the economy
- People are more educated and better for a growing workforce
14
Q
What is another name for lines of latitude?
A
Parallels
15
Q
What countries of East Asia are considered homogeneous?
A
- -All of East Asia
- Example: Most people who live in China are ethnically Chinese
16
Q
What type of energy is China trying to use instead of nonrenewable resources like coal?
A
Hydroelectric (water)
17
Q
Where is most of China’s population concentrated? Why?
A
South East and East because of industrialization of major cities
18
Q
How are farmers trying to fix the problem of erosion?
A
Building terraces and levees
19
Q
What is the region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn referred as?
A
“The Tropics”
20
Q
What is cultural diffusion?
A
Spreading and Mixing of cultures
21
Q
What is Place?
A
- -What makes this place different from others?
- -Examples: Physical and human differences
- -Beach vs. Mountains
- -City vs. farm house
22
Q
What are some pros and cons of the loess?
A
- -Pros:
- Very fertile
- -Cons:
- Very fine and light so it can fly away easily
- Causes a lot of erosion
23
Q
How does Japan’s geography affect where their people live?
A
Most live in city centers and valleys
24
Q
What landform is Japan?
A
Archipelago and mountainous
25
South Korea is small but has a great deal of environmental issues especially extreme pollution in and around cities. How are they trying to fix it?
Burning it to ash and then using residual energy for heating and cooling
26
What are four major cities of China today because of migration?
- -Beijing
- -Shenzhen
- -Guangzhou
- -Shanghai
27
Why did people move from farms to the cities in China?
Why did people move from farms to the cities in China?
28
What are some pros and cons of the 3 Gorges Dam?
- -Pros:
- Increases access to renewable energy
- Helps prevent flooding
- -Cons:
- Damage to the land
- Built on earthquake fault lines
29
Why does China have enormous energy needs?
Enormous Population
30
What is the Huang He River nicknamed? Explain why.
- -"The Ungovernable"
- -"China's Sorrow"
- -Because of the devastating floods
31
What is loess?
- -Soil found along the Yellow River
| - -Sand from Gobi desert combines with silt
32
Give an example of cultural diffusion in East Asia.
Korea using China as a model for their own judicial system
33
What are the countries of East Asia?
- -6 countries:
- Japan
- China
- Mongolia
- North Korea
- South Korea
- Taiwan
34
What is GDP?
Gross Domestic Product (good indicator of strength of economy)
35
What is literacy rate?
The percentage of people that can read and write
36
What are the two types of infrastructure?
- -Hard= roads and bridges and buildings
| - -Soft= ideas, communication
37
What is infrastructure?
Foundation or framework of organization
38
What group does the Taliban specifically persecute?
Women and Shiite Muslims
39
What is the Taliban known for?
- -Oppression
| - -Strict control
40
What is Region?
- -How can the earth be divided into areas of study?
- -By Government
- -By service or function (fire stations)
- -By physical characteristics
41
What was the Taliban's role in 9/11?
Kept organizer (Osama bin Laden) safe
42
What is the name of the group in charge in Afghanistan?
Taliban
43
Where are most of the urban areas located in North and South Korea? What is most of the rest of the country made up of?
- -In the valleys
| - -Mountains
44
What religions and ideologies did the three major kingdoms of Korea rely on?
Confucianism and Buddhism
45
What were the three major kingdoms of Korea?
- -Shilla
- -Koguryo
- -Paekche
46
When/how did Daoism originate?
- -Around 2500 years ago
| - -Started by Laozi
47
Who does Mongolia maintain a close relationship with? What are some examples that provide evidence to this relationship?
- -Russia because of their close proximity
| - -Use of Russian characters in language
48
What happened in China following WWII that caused a tough relationship with the west?
- -Fell to communism
| - Human rights issues
49
What did Japan do during the early 20th century (1900s) that led to issues within the region and the US?
- -Invaded other Nations:
| - Korea and Japan
50
What was the program to modernize Japan called?
Meiji Restoration
51
Japan had a closed door policy to foreigners but eventually changed their mind. Who forced them to make this shift?
US Naval officer Commodore Matthew Perry
52
What does Christianity look like today?
Small amounts of Christians today in East Asia, most in South Korea
53
What happened to Christians in East Asia for much of their history?
They were oppressed
54
What does Christianity focus on?
Monotheistic (belief in one God)
55
How did Christianity originate?
Came with the arrival of the Europeans
56
What does Daoism focus on?
- -Want to live natural simple lives
- -Balance in Nature:
- Yin and Yang
- Yin= Dark side
- Yang= light side
57
What does Shamanism focus on?
- -Healing and protection
- -Leaders have magical powers
- -Spirits exist on earth
58
What is corruption?
Use of political power for personal gain
59
When/where did Shamanism originate?
- -Local regions
| - -Not sure when it began
60
What does Shintoism look like today?
Still exists and is practiced in Japan
61
What does Shintoism focus on?
- -Combines Buddhism and Confucianism
| - -Want humans to be happy
62
When did Shintoism originate?
Originated in Japan many centuries ago
63
What does Confucianism look like today?
Still a framework for society today
64
What does Confucianism focus on?
- -Act according to status in life
- 4 relationships:
- Ruler to subject
- Husband to wife
- Parent to child
- Older sibling to younger sibling
- -Show respect to leaders
65
How is Mongolian food different from other East Asian countries? Why?
- -Landlocked
| - -Mostly meat
66
How is Japanese food different from other East Asian regions? Why?
- -Eat sushi
| - -Island nation
67
Why is food so different depending where in China you are?
- -Bottom line: dependent on region
- Those that live inland away from fertile land eat meat predominantly
- Those that live by the water would eat seafood
68
How did Korea act as a cultural bridge between Japan and China?
- -Ideas from China would travel to Korea
| - -They would then move as people traveled to and from Korea for work and travel to Japan
69
What are some examples of corruption that exist in Russia?
Bribery, blackmail, threats
70
What happened as a result of the Taliban's choice to protect Osama bin Laden?
US invaded
71
What are some negatives of central planning?
- -Not flexible
| - -Economy grew slowly
72
What is another name for lines of longitude?
Meridians
73
What are some pros of central planning?
- -Keeps unemployment low
| - -Allows for public projects
74
What is a tsar?
- -Russia king
- -Russian word for Caesar
- -Emperor
75
What are some geographic reasons why travel is so difficult in Central Asia?
- -Mountainous
- -Landlocked
- -Difficult terrain (arid)
- -Poor infrastructure (roads)
76
What were most of the Semi-nomadic people forced to do when the Soviet Union moved in and took power?
Moved to cities, became stationary, many work in factories
77
Why is Central Asia suited for Semi-nomadic herders?
Little water, unsuitable environment for growing crops (hard to farm)
78
What major technological advancement connects eastern and western Russia?
Trans-Siberian Railroad
79
The Siberian region contains the country's what?
Natural Resources
80
What is the area east of the Ural mountains called?
Siberia
81
What is European Russia's largest city?
Moscow
82
Where can the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn be found?
23.5 degrees north and south of the equator
83
How are lines of longitude measured?
Degrees, time zones
84
What is longitude?
- -Invisible vertical lines that run north to south
| - -Help determine absolute location
85
What are three positive things Catherine the Great did for the Russian people?
- -Westernized Russia (become like Western Europe)
- -Revitalized culture and education
- -Reformed the legal system
86
How are lines of latitude measured measured?
With degrees and they separate or determine climate zones
87
What is latitude?
- -Invisible horizontal lines run east to west
- -Parallel to equator
- -Can be used to find absolute location
88
What does the Prime Meridian do?
Splits the Earth into Eastern and Western hemispheres
89
Where is the Prime Meridian found?
0 degrees longitude (north to south)
90
What is the Prime meridian?
Imaginary line, splits the earth in half vertically
91
What does the equator do?
Splits earth into Northern and Southern hemispheres
92
Where is the equator found?
0 degrees latitude (east to west)
93
What is the equator?
Imaginary line splits earth in half horizontally
94
What is movement?
- -What are patterns of movement of people, products and information?
- -Things that can move:
- People (migration)
- Goods
- Ideas
- Objects
- Information
- Communication
95
What is Location?
- -Where are things located?
- -Absolute location (coordinates)
- -Relative location (where it is in relation to something else)
96
What is Human-Environment Interaction?
- -What are the relationships between people and their places?
- -Adaptation (you change)
- -Modification (you change your surroundings)
- -Dependence
97
When did Catherine the Great rule Russia?
1700s
98
What are some examples of how East Asia has influenced the West?
- -Martial Arts
- -Anime and entertainment
- -Food (east Asian cuisine is very popular within the US)
99
What was the Silk Road?
Route from Asia to Eastern Europe where ideas and goods were exchanged
100
When did the Bolshevik Revolution begin in Russia?
1917 (lasted for 5 years)
101
What is central planning?
Government control over most economy decisions
102
How was the Russian Federation organized following the collapse of communism?
- -Legislative:
- 2 houses
- Federation Council and Duma
- 4 year Terms
- -Courts:
- -Courts:
- Highest = Supreme Arbitration
- Chosen by president and approved federation council
- -Executive:
- Called president
- 6 year terms
- 2 consecutive
- Current= Putin
103
What happened to religion when the Soviet Union came to an end?
People were able to practice their religion freely again (churches reopened)
104
What is the most popular religion of Russia?
Russian Orthodoxy
105
When did the Soviet Union come to an end?
1991
106
The Soviet Union engaged in combat in which Central Asian country from 1979-1989?
Afghanistan
107
What was the goal of the US and Great Britain during the Cold War?
Prevent the spread of communism (contain or stop the spread)
108
What type of people were sent to gulags?
Political prisoners and anyone against the regime
109
What were the prisons called under Joseph Stalin's rule?
Gulags
110
Who was Joseph Stalin?
Brutal dictator of the Soviet Union (USSR)
111
Under communism what class of people were considered the most important?
Working class (proletariat)
112
What was the Civil War that sparked the start of communism called?
Bolshevik Revolution
113
What were pogroms?
- -Persecution of Jews in Russia
- Riots
- Imprisonments
- Expulsion**
- Killed
114
Who brought Islam to Central Asia?
--Arab Empire
115
What group was affected by pogroms?
Jews
116
What denomination of Islam are most people in the region today?
--Sunni Muslim
