Study Guide for Geo Test

Question 1

What is a mountain

Answer 1

A mountain is landform made out of rock and earth that rises high above the ground. They are higher than 300 metres above the ground. Anything less then that would be called a hill.
The 2 features of mountains are:
A sloped side of the mountain
The summit ( the top of the mountain)
Mountains form together in a line that is called a mountain range with several peaks.

Question 2

How are fold mountains formed?

Answer 2

Fold mountains are formed by 2 tectonic plates pushing upward at a convergent boundary. They are formed at the edge of the continent where the plate boundary is located. Fold mountains are the tallest mountains.

Question 3

How are fault block mountains formed?

Answer 3

Fold block mountains are formed when tectonic plates are pulled apart along fault lines causing blocks of rocks to fall and some to rise.

Question 4

How are volcanic mountains formed?

Answer 4

Dome mountains form when molten rock, or magma, pushes up from beneath the Earth’s surface. The magma gets trapped beneath a layer of more resistant rock and causes the overlying rock layers to arch upward, forming a dome-shaped mountain.

Question 5

Why do the climtae of the mountain change with their altitude?

Answer 5

The climate of mountains changes with their altitude and by the amount of sun they receive. The higher the altitude the colder the temperature. This is because the high-altitude air cannot retain as much heat as the lower-altitude areas.

Question 6

What is a plateau

Answer 6

A plateau is a flat land area raised sharply from the surrounding area on at least one side.

Question 6

What is a continental plateau

Answer 6

A continental plateau is any plateau that is on land. Plateaus can be found on every continent and over a third of the earth’s land is a plateau.

Question 7

what are ocean water plateaus

Answer 7

Ocean plateaus are plateaus that are underwater. The ocean has many plateaus underwater.

Question 8

How is a dissected plateau formed?

Answer 8

The first way that plateaus can be formed is called Dissected Plateaus. A Dissected Plateau forms from the upward movement of the earth’s crust caused by the collision of tectonic plates.

Question 9

How are volcanic pleataus formed

Answer 9

Volcanic Plateaus are formed by volcanic eruptions that build up over time. The lava slowly flows out of the earth and covers the surrounding land. The lava hardens in a flat plain. Then, when the next eruption happens it covers the first lava plain and it will become a thick elevated flat rock that is a plateau.

Question 10

What are shield volcanoes

Answer 10

Shield Volcanoes are volcanos formed from thin, fast-flowing lava. The lava spreads from the mouth of the volcano and can travel far. The slopes of a shield volcano slope gently and shield volcanoes are very wide.

Question 11

What are strato volcanos

Answer 11

Stratovolcanos are the tallest volcanoes because some of them can reach 2500 metres tall. They have steep sides and are shaped like a cone. They grow over thousands of years with many eruptions forming layer after layer of cinder, ash and lava which has hardened to rock.

Question 12

What are cinder cones

Answer 12

Cinder cones are volcanoes formed by short eruptions out of a single vent at the top and cinder cones are very short usually not exceeding 400 metres tall.

Question 13

What are valleys

Answer 13

A valley is a landform that is a long low area between 2 mountains or hills. Valleys are more common and often valleys have a river running through the length. Valleys can be V-shaped, U-shaped or have a flat bottom.

Question 14

What is one way valleys are formed

Answer 14

The first way is how U-shaped valleys are formed. U-shaped valleys have a higher altitude because they are carved out by glaciers. Glacier chunks of ice pick up rocks as they slowly slide down the side of the mountain, slowly grinding down rocks and carving out a U-shaped valley.

Question 15

Whats a second way valleys are formed

Answer 15

Lower altitude valleys are formed by being carved out by the eroding action of water from streams and rivers and from the wind. Over many years water runs over the earth which makes a river. As water runs over the earth it carries stones with it and gradually carves a deeper and deeper river bed. This makes a V-shaped river over thousands of years.

Question 16

whats the third way valleys are formed

Answer 16

The third way valleys are formed is through tectonic action. When tectonic plates have divergent boundaries and pull apart fault-block mountains are formed. This happens when blocks of rock crack at fault lines. Some blocks are forced up creating mountains and some blocks fall down creating a valley.

Question 17

what are hills

Answer 17

Hills are elevated landforms that are lower in height and smaller in size than mountains.

Question 18

whats the difference between hills and mountains

Answer 18

The difference between is a hill is any rising ground less than 1000ft above its base. A mountain is anything over 1000 feet high. Mostly though the way to tell them apart has more to do with shape and what is around them. Hills are usually more smoother than mountains and not as pointed. Hills are less steep with slopes that are easy to climb.

Question 19

How are hills formed

Answer 19

Tectonic plate movement underground forces rock upwards in folds when plates collide, or when plates move along fault lines some rock is pushed up forcing hills or mountains.
- Glaciers carry rock debris and deposit it in one area forming a hill
- Volcanoes erupt causing lava to build up around the mouth of the volcano forming a hill.
- Erosion can also make hills. This is by carrying dirt and debris from one area and depositing it somewhere else.

Question 20

What are deltas

Answer 20

A delta is a landform created at the mouth of a river where the river deposits sediment over time. Deltas are often triangular in shape and can be found in coastal regions. When water flows through lakes and oceans they carry pieces of sand and soil to the oceans. Water comes in, and breaks down the land and soil and then it moves to different places. When the land breaks down, it starts to open up and make more pathways which eventually creates deltas.

Question 21

What are glaciers

Answer 21

A glacier is chunks of ice that move slowly over land. It gives us 75 percent of the world’s fresh water and it covers around 10 percent of the world’s land area. Glaciers can take thousands of years to form because of the way it is formed. Glaciers can also be found anywhere. Typically they are found in places like Antarctica and Greenland.

Question 22

what is glacier erosion

Answer 22

Since glaciers are large and heavy as they move it results in wearing down the land they pass carving out valleys and changing the shape of mountains.

Question 23

How are glaciers formed?

Answer 23

Glaciers form because of the fact that glaciers are huge chunks of ice that can stay frozen each year. In colder countries, those ice chunks dont all melt in the summer. This means more old snow and ice pile up each year.

Question 24

What is mining

Answer 24

Mining for rocks and minerals creates changes to the earths landforms. Some mines are dug underground and this changes the inside and outside of landforms