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physiology test 3 > study guide for brain anatomy > Flashcards

study guide for brain anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest part of the brain?

A

cerebrum

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2
Q

the cerebrum is divided into?

A

left and right hemispheres

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3
Q

the function of the cerebrum?

A

higher functions like interpreting touch, vision, hearing, speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, fine control of movements

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4
Q

where is the cerebellum located?

A

under the cerebrum

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5
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum?

A

coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance

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6
Q

the brainstem acts as a relay center connecting ________ and ____________ to the spinal cord.

A

cerebrum and cerebellum

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7
Q

what is the function of the brainstem?

A

performs automatic functions (breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake/sleep cycles, digestions sneezing, coughing, vomiting, swallowing

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8
Q

the right and left brain is joined by a bundle of fibers called the?

A

corpus callosum

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9
Q

what is the purpose of the corpus callosum

A

transmitting messages from one side to the other.

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10
Q

each hemisphere controls the _______ side of the body

A

opposite

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11
Q

the right brain functions are?

A

creativity, spatial ability, artistic, musical skills

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12
Q

what is the left brain functions are?

A

control speech, comprehension, arithmetic, writing

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13
Q

brocas area produces?

A

speech

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14
Q

broca’s area controls the region of the brain that makes a plan for ______ and passes that plan along to the ______ ________, which controls the movements of the __________.

A

speaking
motor cortex
mouth

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15
Q

if the broca’s area is damaged what may a person experience?

A

difficulty moving the tongue or facial muscles that produce sound and speech
difficult time forming letters/words and cannot write within the line
difficulty speaking and writing words

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16
Q

a person with damage to broca’s area can still?

A

read and understand spoken language

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17
Q

Wernicke’s area involves ________ of language.

A

comprehension

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18
Q

if the wernicke’s area is damaged what symptoms may be present?

A

the person may speak in long sentences that have no meaning, add unnecessary words, and create new words.
They have difficulty understanding speech and are therefore unaware of their mistakes.

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19
Q

A person with damage to wernicke’s area can still ?

A

make speech sounds

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20
Q

What is the function of frontal lobe?

A

executive function

  • problem solving
  • planning
  • reasoning
  • personality
  • behavior
  • mood
  • speech
  • speaking/writing (broca’s area)
21
Q

what is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

remember piranha

sensation for pain, temp, touch, perception (body awareness)

22
Q

what is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

hearing
attention
receptive speech (wernikes area)

23
Q

what is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

interprets vision (color,light)

24
Q

why is the cortex folded?

A

folding of the cortex increases the brains surface area allowing more neurons to fit inside the skull and enabling higher functions

25
Q

each fold of the cortex is called a

A

gyrus

26
Q

each groove between the folds of the cortex is called?

A

sulcus

27
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A 
controls behaviors
- hunger
-thirst
-sleep
-sexual response
-regulates body temperature, blood pressure
-emotions
secretion of hormones
28
Q

what is the function of the pituitary gland?

A

controls the endocrine glands which controls the secretion of hormones that control sexual development, promote bone and muscle growth and respond to stress

29
Q

what is the function of pineal gland

A

regulate the body’s internal clock and circadian rhythms by secreting melatonin. It also has same role in sexual development

30
Q

what is the function of the thalamus?

A

serves as relay station for almost all fo the information that comes and goes from the cortex.
Plays role in pain sensation, attention, alertness, and memory

31
Q

what is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

these nuclei work with the cerebellum to coordinate fine motions, such as fingertip movements

32
Q

what is the function of the limbic system?

A

the center for our emotions, learning, and memory

33
Q

what are the hollow fluid filled cavities in the brain?

A

ventricles

34
Q

inside the ventricles, the ribbon like structure is called the ?

A

choroid plexus

35
Q

what makes the CSF?

A

ventricles and choroid plexus

36
Q

what is the function of the CSF?

A

flows around the brain and spinal cord to help cushion it from injury.

37
Q

neurons convey information through?

A

electrical and chemical signals

38
Q

Neurons transmit electrical and chemical signals through?

A

synapses

39
Q

Neurons have many arms that act like antennas picking up messages from other nerve cells called?

A

dendrites

40
Q

glia means?

A

glue

41
Q

cells of the brain that provide neurons with nourishment, protection, and structural support are called?

A

glial cells

42
Q

how many types of glial cells are there?

A

4

43
Q

what is another name for astroglia?

A

astrocytes

44
Q

what is the purpose of astrocytes?

A

they regulate the blood brain barrier, allowing nutrients and molecules to interact with neurons. They maintain homeostasis, neuronal defense, and repair scar formation, and affect electrical impulse

45
Q

oligodendroglia cells create a fatty substance called?

A

myelin

46
Q

what is the purpose of myelin?

A

that insulates axon, this allows for electrical messages to travel faster

47
Q

ependymal cells line the _______ and secrete ______

A

ventricles

CSF

48
Q

what are the brains immune cells?

A

microglia

49
Q

microglia protect the brain’s immune cells how?

A

protecting it from invaders and cleaning up debris.

they also prune synapses

physiology test 3 (11 decks)

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