study guide for brain anatomy Flashcards
what is the largest part of the brain?
cerebrum
the cerebrum is divided into?
left and right hemispheres
the function of the cerebrum?
higher functions like interpreting touch, vision, hearing, speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, fine control of movements
where is the cerebellum located?
under the cerebrum
what is the function of the cerebellum?
coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance
the brainstem acts as a relay center connecting ________ and ____________ to the spinal cord.
cerebrum and cerebellum
what is the function of the brainstem?
performs automatic functions (breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake/sleep cycles, digestions sneezing, coughing, vomiting, swallowing
the right and left brain is joined by a bundle of fibers called the?
corpus callosum
what is the purpose of the corpus callosum
transmitting messages from one side to the other.
each hemisphere controls the _______ side of the body
opposite
the right brain functions are?
creativity, spatial ability, artistic, musical skills
what is the left brain functions are?
control speech, comprehension, arithmetic, writing
brocas area produces?
speech
broca’s area controls the region of the brain that makes a plan for ______ and passes that plan along to the ______ ________, which controls the movements of the __________.
speaking
motor cortex
mouth
if the broca’s area is damaged what may a person experience?
difficulty moving the tongue or facial muscles that produce sound and speech
difficult time forming letters/words and cannot write within the line
difficulty speaking and writing words
a person with damage to broca’s area can still?
read and understand spoken language
Wernicke’s area involves ________ of language.
comprehension
if the wernicke’s area is damaged what symptoms may be present?
the person may speak in long sentences that have no meaning, add unnecessary words, and create new words.
They have difficulty understanding speech and are therefore unaware of their mistakes.
A person with damage to wernicke’s area can still ?
make speech sounds
What is the function of frontal lobe?
executive function
- problem solving
- planning
- reasoning
- personality
- behavior
- mood
- speech
- speaking/writing (broca’s area)
what is the function of the parietal lobe?
remember piranha
sensation for pain, temp, touch, perception (body awareness)
what is the function of the temporal lobe?
hearing
attention
receptive speech (wernikes area)
what is the function of the occipital lobe?
interprets vision (color,light)
why is the cortex folded?
folding of the cortex increases the brains surface area allowing more neurons to fit inside the skull and enabling higher functions
each fold of the cortex is called a
gyrus
each groove between the folds of the cortex is called?
sulcus
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
controls behaviors - hunger -thirst -sleep -sexual response -regulates body temperature, blood pressure -emotions secretion of hormones
what is the function of the pituitary gland?
controls the endocrine glands which controls the secretion of hormones that control sexual development, promote bone and muscle growth and respond to stress
what is the function of pineal gland
regulate the body’s internal clock and circadian rhythms by secreting melatonin. It also has same role in sexual development
what is the function of the thalamus?
serves as relay station for almost all fo the information that comes and goes from the cortex.
Plays role in pain sensation, attention, alertness, and memory
what is the function of the basal ganglia?
these nuclei work with the cerebellum to coordinate fine motions, such as fingertip movements
what is the function of the limbic system?
the center for our emotions, learning, and memory
what are the hollow fluid filled cavities in the brain?
ventricles
inside the ventricles, the ribbon like structure is called the ?
choroid plexus
what makes the CSF?
ventricles and choroid plexus
what is the function of the CSF?
flows around the brain and spinal cord to help cushion it from injury.
neurons convey information through?
electrical and chemical signals
Neurons transmit electrical and chemical signals through?
synapses
Neurons have many arms that act like antennas picking up messages from other nerve cells called?
dendrites
glia means?
glue
cells of the brain that provide neurons with nourishment, protection, and structural support are called?
glial cells
how many types of glial cells are there?
4
what is another name for astroglia?
astrocytes
what is the purpose of astrocytes?
they regulate the blood brain barrier, allowing nutrients and molecules to interact with neurons. They maintain homeostasis, neuronal defense, and repair scar formation, and affect electrical impulse
oligodendroglia cells create a fatty substance called?
myelin
what is the purpose of myelin?
that insulates axon, this allows for electrical messages to travel faster
ependymal cells line the _______ and secrete ______
ventricles
CSF
what are the brains immune cells?
microglia
microglia protect the brain’s immune cells how?
protecting it from invaders and cleaning up debris.
they also prune synapses
