study guide essay questions Flashcards
According to Adam Smith, what were the effects of the division of labor?
According to Adam Smith, the effects of the division of labor were that work is done more efficiently and more goods are being produced in a day, by dividing up the work and giving each worker a specific job.
How did governments assist industrialization? Why would they?
Governments assisted industrialization with overseas expansion, infrastructure and legal support. They helped because it created jobs and revenue made their nation wealthier, and it contributed to military strength.
Why was the agricultural revolution in the 1700s important for the eventual development of the Industrial Revolution?
The agricultural revolution in the 1700s was important for the eventual development of the Industrial Revolution because it was helpful in the sense that more workers needed jobs, which meant they would be useful to work in factories. It also led to a significant increase in food production.
Why was England a leader in the Industrial Revolution? What other nations quickly moved towards industrialization?
England was a leader in the Industrial Revolution because they had everything they needed to succeed. They had money, materials, manpower, machines, management, markets and minds.
What were the four responsibilities of government according to Adam Smith?
According to Adam Smith the four responsibilities of government were that they were to prevent monopolies in the marketplace, to protect citizens from invasion, to protect citizens from injustice, and to build and maintain infrastructure.
How did urban conditions worsen during the revolution?
During the Industrial Revolution, industrial expansion and population growth rapidly increased. Along with this came noise, traffic jams, slums, air pollution, and health problems.
How did railroads contribute to the changes of the Industrial Revolution?
Railroads provided a fast and efficient way to transport large quantities of raw materials and finished goods across long distances.
What were the advantages and disadvantages of the factory system?
The advantages of the factory system were concentrated production in one place, required capital investment, and it was located near sources of power. The disadvantages were rigid schedules, dangerous conditions and no job security.
What helps explain the rise of global inequality during the Industrial Revolution?
There was a significant economic gap between the nations that embraced new technologies, and those that didn’t. Only a few countries were able to industrialize rapidly.
What were the basic ideas of Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo?
Thomas Malthus’s main ideas were that population growth will always outpace food supply, therefore the poor should have fewer children. David Ricardo believed that employers should not pay their workers any more than absolutely necessary.
What social divisions emerged during the Industrial Revolution?
A wealthy class (factory owners), middle class (managers), proletarians (working class).
How did James Baldwin answer the question: “Does the American Dream come at the expense of the American Negro?”
By saying that without the American Negro there would not be railroads, farms, or factories, because they did all the work.
What were the origins and goals of socialism?
Socialism describes the ideas of the Saint-Simmons, and the main goal of socialism is to create a society in which everyone has an equal share of resources and wealth.
Compare the basic ideas of capitalism and communism.
Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit. Communism is an economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people, and all goods and services are shared equally.
