Study Guide - Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are requirements of organism
water, food, oxygen, heat and pressure
Anatomy
study of structure of body parts including their forms and organization
Physiology
study of the functions of body parts (what they do and how they do it)
What are the levels or organization
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
atom - LO
(smallest chemical structure) smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element (hydrogen, lithium)
molecule - LO
(comprised of atoms) particle composed of two or more joined atoms (water, glucose)
macromolecule - LO
(comprised of molecules) very large molecule (proteins, DNA)
organelle - LO
(comprised of macromolecules) a structure or compartment in cells that houses the biochemical reactions that carry out a specific function (mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, nuclei)
cell - LO
(comprised of organelles) the structural and functional unit of an organism (muscle cells, nerve cells)
tissue - LO
(comprised of cells) assembled group of similar cells that performs a specialized function (squamous epithelium, loose connective tissue)
organ - LO
(comprised of tissues) structure consisting of two or more tissues with a specialized function (skin, femur, heart, kidney)
organ system - LO
(comprised of organs) groups of organs that function closely together (integumentary system, skeletal system, digestive system)
organism - LO
(comprised of organ systems) interacting organ systems (human)
movement - CL
change in body position or body part position - includes motions of internal organs
responsiveness - CL
reaction to a change taking place inside or outside the body
growth - CL
an increase in body size
reproduction - CL
production of new organisms and new cells
respiration - CL
process of obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from foods (exchange of gasses - body to atmosphere)
digestion - CL
breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used.
absorption - CL
passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids
circulation - CL
movement of substances from place to place in body fluids
assimilation - CL
changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms
excretion - CL
removal of waste produced by metabolic reactions
metabolism - CL
the sum of all physical and chemical events that obtain, release and utilize energy
appendicular - BC
pertaining to upper and lower limbs
axial - BC
pertaining to head, neck and trunk
viscera - BC
organs within a body cavity
thoracic cavity - BC
space containing organs in upper trunk - separated from abdominopelvic cavity by diaphragm - contains lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea and thymus gland
pleural cavity - BC
potential space between pleural membranes
mediastinum - BC
the region in the thoracic cavity between the lungs
pericardial cavity - BC
??? heart
abdominopelvic cavity - BC
the abdominal and pelvic cavity
abdominal cavity - BC
space betweeeen the diaphragm and the pelvic inlet that contains the abdominal viscera - contains the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestine
pelvic cavity - BC
contains end of large intestine, the urinary bladder and the internal reproductive organs
vertebral (spinal) cavity - BC
houses spinal cord (surrounded by sections of backbone)
four smaller cavities in head - BC
oral, nasal, orbital and middle ear (cavities)
