study guide ch 2

Question 1

top 2 gasses in unpolluted air and how much

Answer 1

1.nitrogen-756,500 ppm
2.oxygen-202,900ppm

Question 2

particulate matter

Answer 2

any dispersed matter, solid, or liquidin which the individual particles are larger than single molecules but smaller than 500 μm (0.5 mm)

small dense molecules do not go as far as small light molecules

Question 3

particulate matter in the lungs

Answer 3

<100 um inhabitable to get in mouth and nose
<10 respirable- go all the way to pulmonary region
1-3 um respirable but can be exhaled
<1 deposit through the lung through diffusion

Question 4

Air Quality Index

Answer 4

-index for reporting air quality
-considers levels for CO, SO2, PM, O3, NOx
-ranges from 0-500:
0-50-good(green)
51-100-moderate(yellow)
101-150-unhealthy for sensitive groups(orange)
151-200-unhealthy(red)
201-300-very unhealthy(purple)
-301+-hazardous(maroon)

Question 5

temperature inversions

Answer 5

-air temperature suddenly increases with elevation
-Air immediately below that level will be cooler than air above so
will be denser and cannot rise further
- Puts a “Lid” on any further upward mobility of air and therefore
transport of pollutants up into the atmosphere.

Question 6

inversion in costal cities

Answer 6

-cool ocean air flows in, and pushes up warm air over land causing an inversion
-Los Angeles mountains restrict flow inland and trap smog over the city

Question 7

fumigation

Answer 7

-is the downward mixing of an elevated plume of air pollution into a turbulent mixing layer
-conditions stable at night
-conditions are unstable in the morning due to sunlight

Question 8

ambient air monitoring program purposes

Answer 8

-to judge compliance
-to activate emergency control procedures
-to observe pollution trends
-provide data base for research

Question 9

air monitoring in Iowa

Answer 9

air monitor systems are concentrated in larger cities

Question 10

size selective inlet

Answer 10

designed with cut points of 2.5 and 10 um

Question 11

hy-vol sampler

Answer 11

high volume flow rate (40cfm for pm10)

Question 12

dichotomous sampler

Answer 12

two stage virtual impactor to sample both pm 2.5 and pm 10

Question 13

plume dispersion modeling

Answer 13

-EPA developed a software to estimate pollutant concentrations downwind of a source
-assumes the shape of the plume is guassian
-all new sources must be modeled to determine how they will affect local concentrations of pollutants