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Chemistry > Study Guide Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Study Guide Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

define classical (Arrhenius) acid

A

compounds that dissolve in war to raise the level of H3O+

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2
Q

classical (Arrhenius) base

A

compounds that dissolve in water to raise the level of OH-

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3
Q

classical acid properties

A

ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION - has H+ ions and some anions

dissolves some insoluble compounds

CAUSTIC TO TISSUE

taste sour

react with some metals
- all acids react with Mg the same way
- Mg (s) + HCl (aq) —> MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

CHANGE THE COLOR OF DYES
- litmus —> blue to red

ACIDS NEUTRALIZE BASES

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4
Q

properties of classical bases

A

bases undissolve dissolved ions

ELECTROLYTIC - contain ions and cations (OH-)

CAUSTIC TO TISSUE

taste bitter

do not react with neutral metals

CHANGE COLOR OF DYES
- litmus —> red to blue

BASES NEUTRALIZE ACIDS

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5
Q

active ingredient in classical acid and base solutions

A

H+ ion

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6
Q

how bases produce hydroxide in solution

A

ionic compounds produce OH- by disassociating
NaOH (s) —> Na+ + OH-
CaOH (s) —> Ca+2 + 2OH-

molecules or ions that ionize in water
NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) —> OH- (aq) + NH4 (aq)
ADD H and increase charge by ONE

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7
Q

writing neutralization reaction equation for a classical acid and base reaction

A

acids: removing or reducing H+ (hydronium ion) by reaction

bases: this means removing or reducing OH- by reaction

HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) —> HOH (H2O) + NaCl

acid base water salt

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8
Q

define titration

A

the careful addition of known amount of reactant in a reaction to an unknown amount of other reactor with the goal of finding the unknown amount

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9
Q

equation which is used to solve titration problems

A

XaCaVa = XbCbVb

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10
Q

define what each variable in neutralization equation

A

Xa - ionizable protons acids
Ca - concentration
Va - volume

Xb - ionizable protons bases
Cb - concentration
Vb - volume

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11
Q

titration thief

A

take the solution being titrated out of the beaker with a dropper pipete and put it aside, this will be used to titrate the solution to the endpoint knowing that there might be overtitration

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12
Q

define endpoint in titration

A

the point at which there is a visual indicator that the reaction is complete and that stoichiometric amounts of reactants have reacted

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13
Q

define equivalence point

A

the actual point at which the reactants have just completely reacted

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14
Q

define Bronsted Lowry acid

A

molecule or ion that donates a hydrogen ion in a reaction
H+ goes to another substance

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15
Q

define Bronsted Lowry base

A

molecule or ion that accepts a hydrogen ion

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16
Q

how does the BL definition of acids and bases expands on the understanding of acids and bases

A

not limited to aqueous solutions

17
Q

define conjugate acid

A

particle produced when base accepts a hydrogen ion

18
Q

define conjugate base

A

particle produced when acid donates hydrogen

19
Q

all BL acid have a ________ in common

A

hydrogen

20
Q

why can’t a molecule not containing hydrogen cannot be a BL acid

A

they must have a proton to donate from which is the hydrogen

21
Q

qualifications of a BL base

A

anion that can form nuetral compound with proton

molecule in which 1 or more electronegative atoms have lone pair electrons that form covalent bond with hydrogen ion

anion that proton acceptor is OH-

22
Q

what can act as both a BL acid and base

A

water

23
Q

reaction equation for the auto ionization of water

A

H2O + H2O equilibrium arrow H3O+ + OH-

24
Q

write the Kw expression for water

A

[H+][OH-]

25
Q

Kw value at 25 degrees celsius

A

1E-14

26
Q

define pH

A

anything 7-15.5 is a base
anything below 7- -1.5 is an acid
the lower the number the more acidic vice versa

27
Q

strong acid classical definition

A

close to 100% ionized in water

28
Q

weak acid classical definition

A

closer to 0% ionized in water

29
Q

define % ionization

A

how a substance dissociates into ions when dissolved in a solvent

30
Q

why weak acid has low % ionization

A

the conjugate base has basic properties
the weaker the acid the stronger the conjugate base

Chemistry (5 decks)

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