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Chemistry > Liquids and Solids > Flashcards

Liquids and Solids Flashcards

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1
Q

Postulates of Kinetic Molecular Theory

A
  1. particles touch
  2. complicated motion
  3. forces involved
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2
Q

Types of forces between individual units in liquid and solid phase depend on the material

A

A. ionic compounds - ionic bonds that vary in strength depending on charge of ions and size - STRONG INTERATOMIC BONDS

B. metals - metallic bonds - BETWEEN STRENGTH INTERATOMIC BONDS

C. covalent compounds - intermolecular bonds - WEAK INTERATOMIC BONDS

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3
Q

Describe dispersion forces

A

exist between nonpolar molecules

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4
Q

Describe dipole-dipole forces

A

forces between polar molecules

they are weak because they are not full charges and there is separation between them

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5
Q

describe hydrogen bond

A

a type of dipole-dipole bond between polar molecules

strongest IM bond

has to be bonded directly to F, O, or N as they have a high en

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6
Q

How do dispersion forces arise?

A

when electrons in two atoms next to each other are placed in a way that temporary dipoles form which attract each other

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7
Q

melting

A

solid to liquid

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8
Q

liquid to gas

A

evaporation

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9
Q

solid to gas

A

sublimation

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10
Q

liquid to solid

A

freezing

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11
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensation

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12
Q

gas to solid

A

deposition

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13
Q

is melting endothermic or exothermic?

A

endothermic

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14
Q

is evaporation endothermic or exothermic?

A

endothermic

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15
Q

is sublimation endothermic or exothermic?

A

endothermic

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16
Q

is freezing endothermic or exothermic?

A

exothermic

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17
Q

is condensation endothermic or exothermic?

A

exothermic

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18
Q

is deposition endothermic or exothermic?

A

exothermic

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19
Q

during melting do the bonds loosen or break?

A

the bonds loosen

20
Q

during freezing do the bonds loosen or tighten?

A

tighten

21
Q

during sublimation for bonds loosen or break?

A

break

22
Q

enthlapy

A

POTENTIAL ENERGY CHANGE

23
Q

thermal energy

A

sum of all kinetic energies of particles in sample of matter

24
Q

relationship between heat of the surroundings and enthlapy change of the system

A

delta H = -q

25
Q

is delta H fusion an intensive or extensive property?

A

intensive property

26
Q

is delta H an intensive or extensive property?

A

extensive property

27
Q

equilibrium vapor pressure

A

the pressure that a vapor would exert above its liquid when in equilibrium with the liquid

28
Q

how does equilibrium vapor pressure affect strong forces?

A

less vapor particles
lower vapor pressure

29
Q

how does equilibrium vapor pressure affect weak bonds?

A

more vapor particles
higher vapor pressure

30
Q

surface tension

A

unbalanced forces at surface of a liquid creating a film-like quality to the surface

31
Q

viscosity

A

resistance to flow

32
Q

how is boiling point related to IM bonds?

A

high boiling point = strong IM bonds

33
Q

how is melting point related to IM bonds?

A

a high melting point = strong IM bonds

34
Q

how does viscosity relate to IM bonds?

A

high viscosity = strong IM bonds

35
Q

how does surface tension relate to IM bonds?

A

high surface tension = strong IM bonds

36
Q

how does vapor pressure relate to IM bonds?

A

high vapor pressure = weak IM bonds

37
Q

what factors affect strength of dipole-dipole bonds?

A

the polarity of the molecule

38
Q

what factors affect strength dispersion forces?

A

the number of e-s
mass - the heavier the slower - the slower the more time to interact
length as more than one dispersion force can exist between neighboring molecules - the longer the chain the stronger the IM bonds

39
Q

entropy

A

the disorder or uncertainty in a system

40
Q

critical point

A

absolute highest temperature and pressure that there is liquid phase

41
Q

triple point

A

ALL phases at equilibrium

42
Q

crystal

A

solid piece with flat faces and sharp angles between those faces

43
Q

crystal form

A

arrangement of ions on atomic level which results from regular geometric arrangement of particles in the crystal lattice

44
Q

unit cell

A

a small set of particles forms the building block of the solid crystal

45
Q

crystal structure

A

the shape of the unit cell

46
Q

how to determine if polar?

A

asymmetrical and charged

Chemistry (5 decks)

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