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Bio160 > Study guide 6 (exam2) > Flashcards

Study guide 6 (exam2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are steroid hormones?

A

Pass through membrane, bind receptors, alter gene transcription

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2
Q

What are peptide hormones?

A

Bind to surface receptors, trigger enzyme chain

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3
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

Building blocks of DNA

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4
Q

What is a double helix?

A

two nucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds

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5
Q

Who is Rosalind Franklin?

A

Rosalind Franklin made an X-ray diffraction photograph.

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6
Q

Who is Maurice Wilkins?

A

Maurice Wilkins’ laboratory was used for the X-ray photograph.

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7
Q

Who are Francis Crick and James Watson?

A

Francis Crick and James Watson deduced the structure of DNA; double helix.

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8
Q

What is semiconservative replication?

A

each DNA strand makes a new one

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9
Q

What is DNA polymerase III?

A

adds complementary nucleotides to the exposed DNA strand

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10
Q

What is the Central Dogma?

A

DNA —> RNA —> Protein.

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11
Q

What is gene expression?

A

DNA controls protein production

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12
Q

What is transcription?

A

RNA polymerase makes an mRNA copy of a gene

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13
Q

What is RNA polymerase?

A

Enzyme responsible for transcription

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14
Q

What is a promoter?

A

RNA binding site

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15
Q

What is mRNA?

A

mRNA carries gene code to make a polypeptide

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16
Q

What is translation?

A

Converts gene nucleotides into amino acid sequence

17
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Cellular structures responsible for translation.

18
Q

What are proteins?

A

made during translation

19
Q

What is a START codon?

A

AUG (begin protein synthesis)

20
Q

What is ribosomes composition?

A

Protein and RNA

21
Q

What is tRNA?

A

tRNA is transfer RNA, a type of RNA molecule.

22
Q

What is an anticodon?

A

Three-nucleotide sequence of a tRNA molecule; decides which amino acid gets to attach to a tRNA.

23
Q

What is an exon?

A

DNA part that is transcribed and translated into protein

24
Q

What is an intron?

A

DNA part transcribed, but removed before translation

25
Q

What is a primary RNA transcript?

A

Gene with exons and introns

26
Q

What are the 5’ cap and 3’ poly-A tail?

A

protect RNA transcript from degradation

27
Q

What is alternative splicing?

A

Removing introns —> Joins two exons together

28
Q

What are the steps of gene expression?

A
  1. Transcription
  2. RNA processing
  3. mRNA to ribosome
  4. tRNA matches anticodons
  5. tRNA brings amino acids
  6. mRNA → polypeptide
29
Q

What is the translation process?

A
  • tRNA binds at P site
  • New tRNA enters at A site
  • Codon-anticodon match
  • Ribosome moves, transferring amino acid
  • tRNA exits at E site
30
Q

What is the genetic code?

A

Translate mRNA codon to appropriate amino acid

31
Q

What is a codon?

A

(basic unit of genetic code) 3-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid/polypeptide termination

32
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Building blocks of proteins, specified by codons.

Bio160 (3 decks)

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