Study Guide Flashcards

Question

Cash & Carry

Answer 1

It allowed the sale of materiel to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash, assuming all risk in transportation. However, the sale of war materials was not allowed.

Answer 2

Transaction agreed upon by the United States and Great Britain that said the U.S. would trade 50 1,200-ton destroyer ships to Great Britain in exchange for naval and air bases that Great Britain had in several different areas all around the world.

Answer 3

program under which the United States supplied Free France, the United Kingdom, the Republic of China, and later the Soviet Union and other Allied nations with food, oil, and materiel. This included warships and warplanes, along with other weaponry. In return, the U.S. was given leases on army and naval bases in Allied territory during the war.

Answer 4

the United States and Great Britain issued a joint declaration that set out a vision for the postwar world. A group of 26 Allied nations pledged their support for this declaration, known as the Atlantic Charter. The document is considered one of the first key steps toward the establishment of the United Nations.

Answer 5

Freedom of speech Freedom of worship Freedom from want Freedom from fear

Answer 6

They planned and executed the surprise attack in order to dishearten the American people and keep the United States out of World War II. The Japanese were tired of negotiations with the United States. They wanted to continue their expansion within Asia but the United States had placed an extremely restrictive embargo on Japan in the hopes of curbing Japan's aggression.

Answer 7

The Home Front is the name given to the activities of the civilians when their nation is at war. Life on the Front during WWII was a significant part of the war effort for all Americans and had a major impact on the outcome of the war.

Answer 8

The act of assembling and making both troops and supplies ready for war. Industry had to be converted to war production. Regulate the economy and ensure the efficient use of national resources to further the war effort.

Answer 9

Women were needed to fill many traditionally male jobs and roles during the war and various advertisements were used to encourage women to take on these jobs and roles. Women joined the nurse corps and the armed forces so that more men could be sent into combat.

Answer 10

Served in the army

Answer 11

Japanese Americans were incarcerated based on local population concentrations and regional politics. More than 110,000 Japanese Americans, who mostly lived on the West Coast, were forced into interior camp.

Answer 12

'Never Surrender'

Answer 13

The Battle of Iwo Jima was fought between the Japanese army and the United States Marine Corps (USMC). The battle, known to the USMC as "Operation Detachment", started on February 19, 1945 and lasted until March 26, 1945 when the last Japanese soldiers were captured or killed.

Answer 14

The battle of Okinawa, also known as Operation Iceberg, took place in April-June 1945. It was the largest amphibious landing in the Pacific theater of World War II. It also resulted in the largest casualties with over 100,000 Japanese casualties and 50,000 casualties for the Allies.

Answer 15

The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada.

Answer 16

President Harry S. Truman, warned by some of his advisers that any attempt to invade Japan would result in horrific American casualties, ordered that the new weapon be used to bring the war to a speedy end. On August 6, 1945, the American bomber Enola Gay dropped a five-ton bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima.

Answer 17

The Bomb Saved American Lives, ended WWII

Answer 18

Japan was ready to surrender, They could have demonstrated the atomic bomb's power on a deserted area of Japan rather than killing hundreds of thousands of people, Truman just wanted to intimidate Stalin.

Answer 19

held from February 4 to 11, 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin, respectively, for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization. The conference convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea, USSR.

Answer 20

The meeting was intended mainly to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe. Within a few years, with the Cold War dividing the continent, Yalta became a subject of intense controversy. To a degree, it has remained controversial.

Answer 21

Germany would be divided into four zones of occupation administered by the three major powers and France and was to be thoroughly demilitarized and its war criminals brought to trial.

Answer 22

the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193.

Answer 23

China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States

Answer 24

Although in 1945 the Communist world was limited to the Soviet Union, it rapidly spread to Central and Eastern Europe, forming a protective buffer zone for the USSR.

Answer 25

Containment was a United States policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad.

Answer 26

the theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries, like a falling domino causing an entire row of upended dominoes to fall.

Answer 27

United States President Harry S. Truman pledged to contain communism in Europe and elsewhere and impelled the US to support any nation with both military and economic aid if its stability was threatened by communism or the Soviet Union.

Answer 28

The Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Program, channeled over $13 billion to finance the economic recovery of Europe between 1948 and 1951.

Answer 29

The Berlin airlift was important because it prevented West Berlin from falling into the control of the Soviet Union after World War II. The Soviet Union was blockading the parts of Berlin that were occupied and administered by the United States, Great Britain and France.

Answer 30

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 by the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. NATO was the first peacetime military alliance the United States entered into outside of the Western Hemisphere.

Answer 31

On August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb. It came as a great shock to the United States because they were not expecting the Soviet Union to possess nuclear weapon knowledge so soon.

Answer 32

National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68) was a 58-paged top secret policy paper issued by the United States National Security Council on April 14, 1950, during the presidency of Harry S. Truman. It was one of the most significant statements of American policy in the Cold War.

Answer 33

On October 1, 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

Answer 34

When the Japanese empire was dismantled at the end of World War Two, Korea fell victim to the Cold War. It was divided into two spheres of influence along the 38th parallel.

Answer 35

the strategy of forcing change in the major policies of a state, usually by replacing its ruling regime.

Answer 36

On July 27, 1953, an armistice was signed and the fighting stopped. However, there was continued threat of invasions, and China emerged from the war with renewed strength. Despite the signed truce, the conflict was not settled and Korea remains divided in two nations.

Answer 37

the strategy of forcing change in the major policies of a state, usually by replacing its ruling regime. ?

Answer 38

a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack.

Answer 39

the worth of one's money or exertion

Answer 40

a competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War.

Answer 41

the Cold War term used in the US for the perceived superiority of the number and power of the USSR's missiles in comparison with its own

Answer 42

the first artificial Earth satellite. Launched by the Soviet Union

Answer 43

During the Cold War the CIA played the biggest role in counter-espionage ever, but once the Cold War began thaw the focus fell on the CIA control.

Answer 44

The CIA admitted that it was behind the notorious 1953 coup against Iran's democratically elected prime minister

Answer 45

The 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état was a covert operation carried out by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that deposed the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz and ended the Guatemalan Revolution.

Answer 46

The U.S. government viewed its involvement in the war as a way to prevent a Communist takeover of South Vietnam.

Answer 47

Huge area of heavy fighting across Europe, from Germany's and the Soviet Union's joint invasion of Poland in September 1939 until the end of the war with the Soviet Union conquering much of Europe along with the German unconditional surrender.

Answer 48

The key element of the grand strategy agreed upon by the United States and the United Kingdom during World War II. According to this policy, the United States and the United Kingdom would use the preponderance of their resources to subdue Nazi Germany in Europe first.

Answer 49

A major battle between German and Soviet troops in World War II. The battle was fought in the winter of 1942–1943 and ended with the surrender of an entire German army. Stalingrad is considered a major turning point of the war in favor of the Allies.

Answer 50

The North African Campaign included campaigns fought in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert Campaign, also known as the Desert War) and in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch) and Tunisia (Tunisia Campaign).

Answer 51

The Italian Campaign of World War II was the name of Allied operations in and around Italy, from 1943 to the end of the war in Europe.

Answer 52

The code name for the first day of a military attack, especially the American and British invasion of German-occupied France during World War II. This marked the beginning of the victory of the Allies in Europe.

Answer 53

The coast is long enough that the Allies could land several divisions without many logistical problems

Answer 54

A type of offensive military operation that today uses naval ships to project ground and air power onto a hostile or potentially hostile shore at a designated landing beach.

Answer 55

The last major German offensive campaign of World War II

Answer 56

Great Britain and the United States celebrate Victory in Europe Day. Cities in both nations, as well as formerly occupied cities in Western Europe, put out flags and banners, rejoicing in the defeat of the Nazi war machine.

Answer 57

Also known as island hopping, was a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II. The idea was to bypass heavily fortified Japanese positions and instead concentrate the limited Allied resources on strategically important islands that were not well defended but capable of supporting the drive to the main islands of Japan.

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