Study Guide Flashcards
General reasons for Paranoia
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Red scare
The promotion of fear of a potential rise of communism.
Nativism
A form of ethnocentrism that considers previous residence in a country or region to constitute a claim to superiority in culture or a higher class of citizenship. Nativists consider themselves “real” Americans.
Resurgent racism
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Reasons for prohibition
The leaders of the prohibition movement were alarmed at the drinking behavior of Americans, and they were concerned that there was a culture of drink among some sectors of the population that, with continuing immigration from Europe, was spreading. The motive was to get Americans to stop drinking.
Reasons prohibition was difficult to enforce
Increase of the illegal production and sale of liquor (known as “bootlegging”), the proliferation of speakeasies (illegal drinking spots) and the accompanying rise in gang violence and other crimes.
Reality vs image of prosperity
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Buying stocks “on margin”
Buying on margin is borrowing money from a broker to purchase stock. You can think of it as a loan from your brokerage.
The Great Depression- the role of unemployment, banks, & businesses in worsening the Depression 1929-33
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The Great Depression- FDR and the New Deal – purpose and new use of government
Relief, Reform, and Recovery – aimed not only to alleviate the hardships of the Depression at the time Roosevelt implemented them, but also to safeguard against any recurring financial disasters at the scale of the Great Depression
The Great Depression-Key programs of the New Deal - understand examples from any three categories (see power point slide on Blackboard for help)
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The Great Depression- Legacies of the New Deal
A shift in government philosophy. As a result of the New Deal, Americans came to believe that the federal government has a responsibility to ensure the health of the nation’s economy and the welfare of its citizens.
The Great Depression- Positive aspects of the New Deal (see document on Blackboard for help)
Strict trading and banking regulations were put in place, as well as financial protections
The Great Depression- Negative aspects of the New Deal
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The Dust Bowl
A period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the US prairies during the 1930’s
Fireside chats
Term used to describe a series of 30 evening radio conversations (chats) given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944.
Roots of Great Depression
> Nine thousand banks failed during the months following the stock market crash of 1929.
> Individuals from all classes stopped purchasing items. This then led to a reduction in the number of items produced and thus a reduction in the workforce.
> As businesses began failing, the government created the Smoot-Hawley Tariff in 1930 to help protect American companies. This charged a high tax for imports from foreign countries.
Rise of fascism
Fascism is a form of government which is a type of one-party dictatorship. Fascists are against liberal democracy. They work for a totalitarian one-party state. … Such a state is led by a strong leader—such as a dictator and a martial government. For instance, Hitler.
Appeasement: reasons for in Europe
The policy of making concessions (compromise) to the dictatorial powers in order to avoid conflict.
Reasons and stages of the rise of Imperial Japan
The Japanese knew they had to catch up to the Western powers or else risk getting stomped flat by them, which is what had happened to China, so they did a lot of imitation…
Stimson Doctrine
A policy of the United States federal government, enunciated in a note of January 7, 1932, to Japan and China, of non-recognition of international territorial changes that were executed by force.
Blitzkrieg & Luftwaffe
Blitzkrieg: a military tactic designed to create disorganization among enemy forces through the use of mobile forces and locally concentrated firepower.
Luftwaffe: the aerial warfare branch of the German Wehrmacht during World War II. Germany’s military air arms during the First World War.
Dunkirk
The German Army trapped the British and French armies on the beaches around Dunkirk. 330,000 men were trapped here and they were a sitting target for the Germans. Hitler, however,did not order a full-scale attack on the beaches. It was a “ miracle”.
The Battle of Britain-5 reasons Britain survived
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Cash & Carry
It allowed the sale of materiel to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash, assuming all risk in transportation. However, the sale of war materials was not allowed.
Destroyers for Bases
Transaction agreed upon by the United States and Great Britain that said the U.S. would trade 50 1,200-ton destroyer ships to Great Britain in exchange for naval and air bases that Great Britain had in several different areas all around the world.
Lend Lease
program under which the United States supplied Free France, the United Kingdom, the Republic of China, and later the Soviet Union and other Allied nations with food, oil, and materiel. This included warships and warplanes, along with other weaponry. In return, the U.S. was given leases on army and naval bases in Allied territory during the war.
The Atlantic Charter
the United States and Great Britain issued a joint declaration that set out a vision for the postwar world. A group of 26 Allied nations pledged their support for this declaration, known as the Atlantic Charter. The document is considered one of the first key steps toward the establishment of the United Nations.
The Four Freedoms
Freedom of speech
Freedom of worship
Freedom from want
Freedom from fear
Why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor
They planned and executed the surprise attack in order to dishearten the American people and keep the United States out of World War II.
The Japanese were tired of negotiations with the United States. They wanted to continue their expansion within Asia but the United States had placed an extremely restrictive embargo on Japan in the hopes of curbing Japan’s aggression.
Legacies of Pearl Harbor
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Hitler declares war on US – why vs. why not
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The US in WWII
• The Home front
The Home Front is the name given to the activities of the civilians when their nation is at war. Life on the Front during WWII was a significant part of the war effort for all Americans and had a major impact on the outcome of the war.
The US in WWII
• Mobilization
The act of assembling and making both troops and supplies ready for war.
Industry had to be converted to war production.
Regulate the economy and ensure the efficient use of national resources to further the war effort.
The new role of women in the war
Women were needed to fill many traditionally male jobs and roles during the war and various advertisements were used to encourage women to take on these jobs and roles. Women joined the nurse corps and the armed forces so that more men could be sent into combat.
African-American role in WWII
Served in the army
Japanese internment
Japanese Americans were incarcerated based on local population concentrations and regional politics. More than 110,000 Japanese Americans, who mostly lived on the West Coast, were forced into interior camp.
