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study guide Flashcards

1
Q

anterior closes

A

9-18 months

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2
Q

posterior closes

A

4-8 weeks

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3
Q

teething starts

A

6 months

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4
Q

average weight gain per week in infant

A

5-7 ounces

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5
Q

birth weight doubles?

birth weight triples?

A

6 months

1 year

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6
Q

weight gain per week in toddler

A

4-6 lbs

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7
Q

height change / year in toddler

A

2 inches per year

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8
Q

birth weight quaruples when

A

2 years

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9
Q

12-36 months

A

toddler

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10
Q

3-5 years

A

preschool

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11
Q

average weight for preschool / year

A

5 lbs

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12
Q

height change / year in preschool

A

2 1/2-3 inches

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13
Q

school age

A

6-12

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14
Q

11-14

A

adolescence

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15
Q

weight gain / year in school age

A

3-5 lbs

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16
Q

height / year in school age

A

1 1/2-2 inches

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17
Q

weight for girls in adolescence

A

15-55 lbs

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18
Q

age of puberty

A

girls: 12
boys: 14

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19
Q

infant hand grasps

A

3 months

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20
Q

head lag

A

o Competes at 1 month
o Partial at 2 months
o No lag at 4 months

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21
Q

crawling

A

6-7 months

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22
Q

creeping

A

9 months

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23
Q

object permance

A

by end of first year

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24
Q

walking with assistance

A

11 months

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25
Q

walking alone

A

12 months

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26
Q

running

A

18 months

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27
Q

2 block tower

A

15 months

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28
Q

6-7 block tower

A

2 years

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29
Q

use spoon right

A

18 months

30
Q

use fork

A

3 years

31
Q

lose baby teeth

A

during school age

32
Q

1 word sentences

A

1-2 years

33
Q

2-3 word sentences, repeat

A

2-3 years

34
Q

3000-4000 words, simple sentences

A

3 year

35
Q

trust vs mistrust

A

infant stage

36
Q

autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

toddler stage

37
Q

initiate vs guilt

A

preschool stage

38
Q

industry vs inferiority

A

school age

39
Q

identity vs. role confusion

A

adolescent stage

40
Q

dark, being left alone, animals, ghosts, objects/persons associated with pain, technique of desensitization to overcome fears

A

toddler/preschool years

41
Q 
o	Children’s “work”
o	Child’s “developmental workshop”
o	As therapeutic intervention
o	As stress reliever for child and family
o	As pain reliever, distracter
o	As barometer of illness
A

purpose of play

42
Q

parallel play from solitary and imagination

A

toddler play

43
Q

imitates, imagination, dramatic play (from media, imaginary friends)

A

preschool play

44
Q

rules and rituals, team play, reading, form groups

A

school age play

45
Q

getting enough calories, but not protein

lots of edema

A

Kwashiorkor

46
Q

overall malnutrition

very skinny with protruding belly

A

marasmus

47
Q

o Explain what, how and why
o Be consistant (don’t smile when doing painful procedures)
o Allow them to touch and cry

A

toddler/preschool communication

48
Q

o Want explainations – why? Questions

o Interested in function

A

school age communiction

49
Q

o Be honest
o Privacy needs
o Importance of peers
o Confidentiality of great importance

A

adolescent communication

50
Q

o Assess the victim
-CPR, VS, etc.
o Terminate the exposure
-Poison out of mouth, flush eyes, flush skin, fresh air
o Identify the poison
-Question victim and witness, environmental clues, call poison control center
o Prevent poison absorption
-Prevent aspiration, administer antidote, gastric lavage

A

order of treatment for poisoning

51
Q

o Burning pain in mouth, throat, and stomach
o White swollen mucous membrane
o Violent vomiting
o Drooling and inability to clear secretions
o Shock
o Anxiety and agitation

A

symptoms of poisoning

52
Q

 Treat blood lead levels 10ug/dl and above.
 For levels 45-69ug/dl use Chelation Therapy.
• Must monitor urine output during chelation therapy

A

treatment for lead poisoning

53
Q

 NGOR in mouth

 Flush with saline, aspirate stomach contents

A

gastric lavage treatment

54
Q

 Given as loading dose

 17 maintenance dose every 4 hours

A

mucomyst treatment

55
Q

o Rash in three stages:

  1. “Slapped face” appearance disappears between 1 and 4 days
  2. Maculopapular rash on extremities; lasts 7 days or more
  3. Rash subsides but reappears if skin irritated or traumatized by heat, cold, friction, etc.

viral infection
agent: human parvovirus

A

erythema infectiosum (5th disease)

56
Q

 Incubation: 5-15 days
 Persistent high fever for 3-4 days; otherwise appears well
 After fever subsides, rash appears
 Rash first on trunk, then face and extremities

viral

agent: human herpes virus 6
comp: febrile seizures

A

roseola

57
Q

 Source: secretions; droplet transmission
 Incubation period: 10-20 days; communicability from 4 days before to 5 days after appearance of rash
 Koplik spots (tiny white spots inside the mouth) appear 2 days before rash

viral
agent: rubeola virus

A

rubeola (measles)

58
Q

 Transmitted via droplet or direct contact
 Incubation period: 14-21 days
 Fever, headache, malaise, followed by parotitis
 May cause orchitis and meningoencephalitis
 presence of the swollen glands, fever, muscle aches, fatigue, anorexia

viral

agent: paramyxocirus
comp: orchitis

A

mumps

59
Q

 Transmission: droplet or direct contact
 Incubation period: 6-20 days
 crowing or “whoop” sound
 Violent and rapid coughing
 Complications: pneumonia (usual cause of death)

bacterial: erythromycin, zithromax
agent: bordetella pertussis
<18 months need supervision

A

pertussis (whopping cough)

60
Q

 Transmission: direct contact or indirect contact with article freshly contaminated with nasopharyngeal secretions, blood, stool, or urine
 Incubation period: 14-21 days
 Complications: rare; greatest danger is teratogenic effect on fetus

agent: rubella
viral
usually after mild ear infection

A

rubella (german measles)

61
Q

 Transmission: droplet or direct contact
 Incubation period: 1-7 days
 Complications: carditis, peritonsillar abscess, glomerulonephritis

agent: group A hemolytic srep

A

scarlet fever and strep throat

62
Q 
	Ascariasis (common roundworm)
	Hookworm
	Strongyloidiasis (threadworm)
	Giardiasis: caused by protozoan
•	Caused by ingesting the parasite. 
•	Positive stool cultures
•	Antibiotic that kills intestinal worms
A

intestinal parasitic

63
Q

 Agent: variable, can be viral or bacterial
 Transmission: direct contact
 Incubation period: depends on the infection
 Complications: usually no long lasting complications
o Symptoms
 Pink/red color to sclera
 Swelling of conjunctiva
 Tearing
 Purulent discharge
 Matting of eyes during sleep

A

conjunctivitis

64
Q 
	Agent: enterovirus group (most common = coxsackie virus)
	Transmission: direct contact
	Incubation: 4-6 days
o	Symptoms
	Fever
	Sore throat
	Sores in mouth
	Flat red rash to hands, feet, buttocks
A

hand foot and mouth

65
Q

o ISOLATION AS ORDERED
o MEDICATIONS (ANTIHISTAMINES, ANALGESICS, ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIVIRALS)
o REST, QUIET
o ENCOURAGE FLUIDS
o EDUCATION ON PREVENTION AND POST INFECTION COMPLICATIONS

A

nursing interventions

66
Q 
o	Peak of crying
o	Unexpected
o	Resists soothing
o	Pain like face
o	Long lasting
o	eveing
A

purple questions

67
Q

< 100 days - 2 week infant (neonatal pain, agitation and sedation scale)
 -2-2: 2 being high, 0 being neutral
 Crying irritability, behavior state, facial expression, extremities tone, vitals (HR, RR, BP, o2)

A

NPASS

68
Q

> 100 days – down syndrome, 12 years old (non verbal/special needs) 3 or higher!
 Face, legs, activity, cry, consolability
 Scale 0-2: 2 being highest

A

FLACC

69
Q

5 years or older - normal health

A

FACES

70
Q

12 years - normal health

A

NUMBERS

71
Q

 pain scale of 3-4 or high needs intervention and 30-60 min reassess
• assess pain (part of VS)
• listen to parents/child
 nonpharmacologic management
• distraction, relaxation, guided imagery, cutaneous stimulation, coping strategies, sucking, kangaroo, swaddling (all independent nursing functions)
 complementary pain medicine
• biological based, like food, vitamins, manipulation (massage), hypnosis, magnetic, energy based (reiki, alternative medication like acupuncture)
 pharmacologic management
• medication that works on pain – NSAIDS, acetaminophen, opiods agonists

A

interventions/managemtn for pain

Peds (4 decks)

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