Study Guide 3 Flashcards
In what ways did Napoleon manage to seize and expand his power in France? What was the highest position he achieved?
Through his brothers and his members of the Directory. Expands his power in several ways: first, he expands it by his military glory. When he wants to establish power over land, he calls for a plebiscite (yes or no from the people). He achieves status of emperor of the French.
Why did Napoleon divorce Josephine and marry an Archduchess of Austria (what was her name)? Did he achieve what he hoped to accomplish?
Marie Louise. He hopes to accomplish: he needs an heir, and also just as important is the concept of legitimacy. (He has a right to rule.) He’s trying to gain glory through his associations with the Habsburgs because she is one. He did achieve some, but he still lost it all in the end.
Who fought at the battle of Trafalgar and what was the significant outcome?
Who fought: British fleet under Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined Spanish and French fleet. Outcome: It confirms English control of the seas.
What did Napoleon hope to accomplish with the “Continental System”, and what were its actual effects (a wonderful example of the “law of unintended consequences”)?
He tries to break English power by preventing trade between Poland and England. This actually strengthens England because the English blockade Europe so that they are able to trade with the rest of the world and Europe isn’t able to do so.
Which 1000-year-old country did Napoleon destroy? In what way did Napoleon’s family participate in his re-arrangement of European states?
Holy Roman Empire. He creates a new confederation. Many of those new kings and queens are his brothers and sisters.
What was the outcome of Prussia’s war with Napoleon in 1806?
Prussia unexpectedly loses and is largely dismantled. This is when Prussia undergoes major reforms and abolishes serfdom, etc.
What events brought about the downfall of Napoleon?
First: the invasion of Russia and his military defeat by the Russians in 1812. Also: the continuing Spanish guerrilla war against him. Also: the uprising of the Germans against him led by Prussia.
What were the “100 Days”? At which battle was Napoleon permanently defeated, and in which country is this battlefield today? Who was the British commander who had done so much to defeat Napoleon?
The 100 days marked the period between Napoleon’s return from exile on the island of Elba to Paris and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII. Promptly defeated at Waterloo. Present-day Belgium. Train station is called Waterloo. British Commander is Duke of Wellington.
Where did Napoleon spend the golden years of his retirement, and what did he do to pass the time? What was “the Gospel According to St. Helena”?
Island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic. He wrote his autobiography which was largely fictional. He creates his own legend.
The Congress of Vienna
a. What were the main tasks of the Congress of Vienna, and who was its leading architect?
b. What were its leading principles or guidelines for re-organizing the map of Europe?
c. How was Germany reorganized and what major potential conflict within Germany was not solved?
a. Main tasks: to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries but to resize the main powers so they could balance each other off and remain at peace. Leading architect was Mr. Metternich.
b. Leading principles: balance of power and legitimacy. (rulers have a right to their throne.)
c. NOT SURE
Why was the period after 1815 called “The Restoration”, and why is this term not accurate? What happened to the brothers of Louis XVI, respectively called Louis XVIII and Charles X, after the fall of Napoleon?
It was called the Restoration because it was trying to restore the political systems and territories in place from BEFORE Napoleon had come to power; only accurate in part for France, but even the areas in France weren’t restored. They were changed. His two brothers become kings of France in the Restoration period.
Which European country emerged from the Napoleonic wars as the strongest power, and what did it see as its primary mission in Europe?
Great Britain. Its primary mission: maintaining the balance of power and to prevent a universal monarchy.
What were the general characteristics of Romanticism? What was Sturm und Drang?
Emotion, nostalgia for the past, emphasis on feeling over reason. Emphasis on the past (especially middle ages and the Gothic) and for history in general. Also a strong penchant for melancholy (focus on ruins, moonlight, etc.) Folk songs, folk tunes, folk stories, etc. Also, an interest in the exotic and orientalism.
Sturm und Drang was a movement in Romanticism art, music, and literature that placed similar emphasis on emotion and feeling over reason. In particular, it explored EXTREMES of emotion on both sides of the spectrum.
What were the general characteristics of Neo-Classicism? Which building in Berlin is still today the most famous Neo-Classical building (and a symbol of that city)? Name at least two of Neo-Classicism’s most famous 19th century artists (painters and/or sculptors).
Cool, calm, restrained. Refers to the cool and calm of the Romans. The Brandenburg Gate. Thorvaldsen and Canova.
Give a brief description of the German world between 1815 and 1848. Which small German city (and principality) become one of the greatest cultural centers in Germany, home to Goethe and Schiller?
Description: they are homebodies. they just want to rebuild their lives after the war and live at home. Emphasis on quiet and private life, music and poetry. City of Weimar.
Please review the biographical sketches of the various German Romantic poets and writers presented in class, and be able to match the correct writers to the following descriptions:
wrote the famous story about a little girl rescued by a nutcracker-prince
ETA Hoffmann
Please review the biographical sketches of the various German Romantic poets and writers presented in class, and be able to match the correct writers to the following descriptions:
wrote a poem about a father riding home at night whose little boy sees evil eyes just before he dies
Goethe
Please review the biographical sketches of the various German Romantic poets and writers presented in class, and be able to match the correct writers to the following descriptions:
wrote poems about the travails of love (“I’ll not complain”)
Heine
Please review the biographical sketches of the various German Romantic poets and writers presented in class, and be able to match the correct writers to the following descriptions:
wrote The Sorrows of the Young Werther
Goether
wrote stories about a man who falls in love with an android, and about a man who falls in love with a dangerous courtesan who captures the souls of her lovers in her demonic mirror
Hoffmann
wrote poems about: a dangerous water nymph (the Loreley); Death and the Maiden; the ghosts of two brothers who fight on moonlit nights; a meeting with the devil; and the seduction of morphine
Heine
the poet who symbolized the man who could never go home again (the family castle was destroyed in France); his ship was almost crushed as it explored the polar ice
von Chamisso
wrote about Gretchen, Mephisto and Faust
Goethe
wrote about great but tragic heroes and heroines — Mary Queen of Scots, Don Carlos, William Tell, and wrote an Ode to Joy
Friedrich Schiller
wrote a story about a tragic her, Egmont
Goether
wrote about a beautiful girl who could not speak but could only sing (Mignon)
Goethe
wrote the story of Undine, a water nymph who gives up her immortality in exchange for a soul… but still loses the man she loves
de la Motte Fouqué
Who were some of the famous composers in Germany at this time? What were some of the typical difficulties that composers encountered in trying to organize concerts (such as in Paris, for example)? What were some of the features of a salon (such as in Paris, for example)?
Famous composers at that time included Beethoven, Schumann, and Schubert. First, finding a venue. Second, finding musicians. Third, the audience: getting them to pay attention. The salon was a private party venue, at which usually food was not served. Nevertheless, it became a very attractive leisure spot for conversationalists.
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
the grandson of a famous German philosopher
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
said to have sold his soul to the devil in exchange for violin virtuosity
Niccolo Paganini
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
wrote “the Venus de Milo” os symphonies
Franz Schubert/8th Symphony
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
established one of the most influential music journals in Europe (Die Neue Zeitschrift for Musik)
Schumann
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
considered a “Promethean hero” for the great advances in music he bestowed upon mankind, but who suffered greatly through no fault of his own (and what was that suffering?)
Beethoven
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
had an aristocratic name but may not have been an aristocrat; related to Mozart’s widow
Carl Maria von Weber
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
One of the first conductors to direct the orchestra from the center of the stage (instead of from where?)
Carl Maria von Weber
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
The prototype of the modern celebrity conductor: built up a civic orchestra (Leipzig), and traveled extensively to I’ve guest appearances
Mendelssohn
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
two composers who set Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream to music
Mendelssohn and von Weber
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
Composer Der Freischütz and Invitation to the Dance
von Weber
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
Set Goethe poems to music
Schumann, Schubert
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
set Heinrich Heine poems to music
Schumann, Schubert
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
revived the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, which was in danger of being forgotten
Mendelssohn
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
set to music the diabolical story of Manfred (and who wrote the original story)
Schumann (M.)venture), Tchaikovsky (Manfred Symphony/between Symphony 4 and 5), Lord Byron
Be able to match the correct (primarily German) composers and musicians to the following descriptions:
wove together stories by E.T.A. Hoffmann (and the name of his opera)
Offenbach/Tales of Hoffmann
considered the greatest pianist of his time, and embraced his Hungarian “heritage” even though he could hardly speak Hungarian
Liszt
