Study Guide 3

Question 1

Porfirio Diaz

Answer 1

Mexican dictator from 1876-1911, “fake” democracy with fake elections, encourages foreign investors, first key figure in the Mexican Revolution

Question 2

Francisco Madero

Answer 2

Democratically elected Mexican president after “Porfirio Period,” member of elite, deeply nationalist, president during the revolution after loss of support because the people don’t think he’s doing enough reforms

Question 3

Mexican Revolution

Answer 3

About 10 years long, 10% of the population killed

Question 4

Land and Liberty

Answer 4

General Emiliano Zapata’s policy/plan/motto during the Mexican Revolution. “The Plan of Ayala” “Plan de Ayala”

Question 5

Plan de Ayala

Answer 5

a document drafted by revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution. In it, Zapata denounced President Francisco Madero for his perceived betrayal of the revolutionary ideals embodied in Madero’s Plan. Helped raise support for Zapata by uniting smaller rebellions under the common banner of land reform

Question 6

Victoriano Huerta

Answer 6

general in the Mexican Federal Army and 39th President of Mexico, who came to power by coup in violent seize of power, in 1913, against the democratically elected government of Madero

Question 7

Constitution of 1917

Answer 7

Mexican constitution written by Venustiano Carranza, very nationalist, land and labor reforms, limit power of church, not actually implemented until like 1930s

Question 8

Venustiano Carranza

Answer 8

forms constitutionalist party during Mexican revolution, overthrows Huerta in 1914, writes new constitution, turns repressive and doesn’t actually implement it, steps down after 6 years

Question 9

Emiliano Zapata

Answer 9

Southern peasant force leader during Mexican revolution, “Plan de Ayala”

Question 10

Lazaro Cardenas

Answer 10

Mexican army officer and politician who served as president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940, joined the Mexican Revolution and became a general in the Constitutionalist Army, implements 1917 constitution, successful reforms

Question 11

“Populist Interlude”

Answer 11

Cardenas increase in popularity from increased land distribution, agricultural productivity, and quality of life

Question 12

Mexican economic miracle

Answer 12

aka stabilizing development, It was a stage in the history of Mexico characterized by great economic growth. Thanks to this development, which took place approximately between 1940 and 1970, the country managed to become an industrialized nation

Question 13

1968 Mexico City Olympics

Answer 13

Mexico City holds summer Olympics, MILLIONS spent getting the city ready for it, with strong opposition from the poor/working class, lots of protests, government represses more

Question 14

Mexican Oil Boom of the 1980s

Answer 14

Arab nations in middle east form OPEC which limits the amount of oil into the worldwide market, makes a higher demand for Mexican oil, $$$ pours in, BUTTT creates a lot of wasteful spending from the gov, Mexico ends up borrowing a lot of money thinking they can easily pay it back, SOOO when oil from Middle East goes back on the market, they’re in debt

Question 15

Mexican Oil Boom of the 1980s

Answer 15

Arab nations in middle east form OPEC which limits the amount of oil into the worldwide market, makes a higher demand for Mexican oil, $$$ pours in, BUTTT creates a lot of wasteful spending from the gov, Mexico ends up borrowing a lot of money thinking they can easily pay it back, SOOO when oil from Middle East goes back on the market, they’re in debt, there’s crazy inflation, low wages, and unemployment @ 45%!

Question 16

Zapatistas

Answer 16

1994- the level of poverty in Mexico leads to another uprising (mostly rural people) taking arms against the gov in the name of Zapata, resulted in stalemate, didn’t become full blown revolution

Question 17

NAFTA

Answer 17

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which was enacted in 1994 and created a free trade zone for Mexico, Canada, and the United States, is the most important feature in the U.S.-Mexico bilateral commercial relationship.

Question 18

United Fruit Company (UFC)

Answer 18

U.S. owned, largest land own in Guatemala, has a monopoly on bananas, made the rich-poor gap bigger

Question 19

General Jorge Ubico

Answer 19

Guatemalan dictator from 1931-1944, used harsh force, repressive, had U.S. support

Question 20

October Revoltion

Answer 20

1944- successful revolution in Guatemala, distaste for dictators during WWII, high poverty, low literacy and life expectations, most ppl working for UFC in terrible conditions

Question 21

Jose Arevelo

Answer 21

Guatemalan democratic president from 1945-1951

Question 22

Jacobo Arbenz

Answer 22

Guatemalan democratic president from 1951-1953, “Decree of 900” with the reforms that look communist, UFC issues + Domino Theory= CIA getting involved and Arbenz resigns

Question 23

1952 Agrarian Reform Law Decree 900

Answer 23

Land reform: divide and redistribute to the peasants, including UFC’s land, Guatemala offers 600,000 for land, UFC’s actual value of land is 15 million (undervalued for tax purposes)

Question 24

President Eisenhower

Answer 24

President at the time of PBSuccess: use of the CIA to secretly arm, fund, and train Guatemalans for a coup to remove Arbenz from power

Question 25

General Castillo Arrmas

Answer 25

Guatemalan military officer and politician who was the 28th president of Guatemala, serving from 1954 to 1957 after taking power in a coup d’état, placed by U.S., reversed Decree of 900