Study Guide 3 Flashcards
Porfirio Diaz
Mexican dictator from 1876-1911, “fake” democracy with fake elections, encourages foreign investors, first key figure in the Mexican Revolution
Francisco Madero
Democratically elected Mexican president after “Porfirio Period,” member of elite, deeply nationalist, president during the revolution after loss of support because the people don’t think he’s doing enough reforms
Mexican Revolution
About 10 years long, 10% of the population killed
Land and Liberty
General Emiliano Zapata’s policy/plan/motto during the Mexican Revolution. “The Plan of Ayala” “Plan de Ayala”
Plan de Ayala
a document drafted by revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution. In it, Zapata denounced President Francisco Madero for his perceived betrayal of the revolutionary ideals embodied in Madero’s Plan. Helped raise support for Zapata by uniting smaller rebellions under the common banner of land reform
Victoriano Huerta
general in the Mexican Federal Army and 39th President of Mexico, who came to power by coup in violent seize of power, in 1913, against the democratically elected government of Madero
Constitution of 1917
Mexican constitution written by Venustiano Carranza, very nationalist, land and labor reforms, limit power of church, not actually implemented until like 1930s
Venustiano Carranza
forms constitutionalist party during Mexican revolution, overthrows Huerta in 1914, writes new constitution, turns repressive and doesn’t actually implement it, steps down after 6 years
Emiliano Zapata
Southern peasant force leader during Mexican revolution, “Plan de Ayala”
Lazaro Cardenas
Mexican army officer and politician who served as president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940, joined the Mexican Revolution and became a general in the Constitutionalist Army, implements 1917 constitution, successful reforms
“Populist Interlude”
Cardenas increase in popularity from increased land distribution, agricultural productivity, and quality of life
Mexican economic miracle
aka stabilizing development, It was a stage in the history of Mexico characterized by great economic growth. Thanks to this development, which took place approximately between 1940 and 1970, the country managed to become an industrialized nation
1968 Mexico City Olympics
Mexico City holds summer Olympics, MILLIONS spent getting the city ready for it, with strong opposition from the poor/working class, lots of protests, government represses more
Mexican Oil Boom of the 1980s
Arab nations in middle east form OPEC which limits the amount of oil into the worldwide market, makes a higher demand for Mexican oil, $$$ pours in, BUTTT creates a lot of wasteful spending from the gov, Mexico ends up borrowing a lot of money thinking they can easily pay it back, SOOO when oil from Middle East goes back on the market, they’re in debt
Mexican Oil Boom of the 1980s
Arab nations in middle east form OPEC which limits the amount of oil into the worldwide market, makes a higher demand for Mexican oil, $$$ pours in, BUTTT creates a lot of wasteful spending from the gov, Mexico ends up borrowing a lot of money thinking they can easily pay it back, SOOO when oil from Middle East goes back on the market, they’re in debt, there’s crazy inflation, low wages, and unemployment @ 45%!
Zapatistas
1994- the level of poverty in Mexico leads to another uprising (mostly rural people) taking arms against the gov in the name of Zapata, resulted in stalemate, didn’t become full blown revolution
NAFTA
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which was enacted in 1994 and created a free trade zone for Mexico, Canada, and the United States, is the most important feature in the U.S.-Mexico bilateral commercial relationship.
United Fruit Company (UFC)
U.S. owned, largest land own in Guatemala, has a monopoly on bananas, made the rich-poor gap bigger
General Jorge Ubico
Guatemalan dictator from 1931-1944, used harsh force, repressive, had U.S. support
October Revoltion
1944- successful revolution in Guatemala, distaste for dictators during WWII, high poverty, low literacy and life expectations, most ppl working for UFC in terrible conditions
Jose Arevelo
Guatemalan democratic president from 1945-1951
Jacobo Arbenz
Guatemalan democratic president from 1951-1953, “Decree of 900” with the reforms that look communist, UFC issues + Domino Theory= CIA getting involved and Arbenz resigns
1952 Agrarian Reform Law Decree 900
Land reform: divide and redistribute to the peasants, including UFC’s land, Guatemala offers 600,000 for land, UFC’s actual value of land is 15 million (undervalued for tax purposes)
President Eisenhower
President at the time of PBSuccess: use of the CIA to secretly arm, fund, and train Guatemalans for a coup to remove Arbenz from power
General Castillo Arrmas
Guatemalan military officer and politician who was the 28th president of Guatemala, serving from 1954 to 1957 after taking power in a coup d’état, placed by U.S., reversed Decree of 900
