Study Guide Flashcards
Heredity-
The passing of physical characteristics from parents to the offspring. Ex. Hereditary diseases.
Trait-
A physical characteristic of an organism passed down from an ancestor. Ex. Hair color, eye color, height.
Genetics-
The scientific study of heredity.
Purebred-
Homozygous; an organism that always produces offspring with the same form of the trait as the parent. Ex. P generation.
Hybrid-
Heterozygous; organism that has two different alleles for a trait.
Gene-
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
Allele-
The different forms of a gene. Ex. F(dominant)f(recessive)
Dominant allele-
An allele whose trait always show up an organism when the allele is present
Recessive allele
An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present.
Punnett square-
A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
Phenotype
An expressed trait.
Genotype
An organism’s genetic makeup or allele combination.
Gregor Mendel-
The father of genetics, Mendel was a priest and a gardener that observed pea plants and their genetic makeup and what happens when you cross a purebred with a purebred and a hybrid the purebred and hybrid with a hybrid. He also discovered dominant and recessive alleles.
Chromosome-
A chromosome is a structure of DNA and carries the genes.
Fertilization-
Fertilization is the fusion of gametes to initiate the development of a new individual organism.
Stamen
The stamen is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.
Pollen-
Plant sperm.
Pistil-
the ovule-bearing or seed-bearing female organ of a flower.
Egg-
Holds half of the genetic material of the organism’s offspring. The female gamete.
Ovule-
Small egg.
Linnaeus: binomial nomenclature-
A naming system created by Linnaeus.
Taxonomy-
The scientific study of how organisms are classified.
Taxonomic key-
A series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms.
Name the seven levels of classification.
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
Cystic Fibrosis-
When the body produces too much mucus in the lungs. The treatment is antibiotics and other medications and chest physical therapy (EWWWWWWWW!!!!!!)