Study Guide 2 Flashcards
1
Q
JAPONISME
A
- Trade w/Japan opened up in mid1850s
- Japonisme became very popular in 1890s
- Paintings & work of art that reflect Japanese influence, especially Japanese Ukiyo-e prints, wood block prints.
- Ukiyo-e refers to the “floating world” of the Japanese courtesan.
- close cropping
- inspired artist: Mary Cassatt, James Whistler, Henri Toulouse-Lautrec, Vincent Van Gogh, Claude Monet and others.
2
Q
A
“Mother Bathing Child” 1890
Mary Cassatt
Impressionist
- Japonisme, influence by Ukiyo-e
- shallow space
- oriental pattern on floor & wall covering
- close cropping
- strong diagonals
3
Q
A
“Sower” 1888
Vincent Van Gogh
Post-Impressionism
- Japonisme influence
- close cropping
- strong diagonal
4
Q
A
“Camille in Japanese dress”
Claude Monet
Impressionist
- Japonisme influence by Ukiyo-e prints
- kimono cutome
- Trade opened up w/Japan in mid-1850’s & Japonisme became very popular in the 1890’s
5
Q
A
“Vision After the Sermon” 1888
Paul Gauguin (French)
Nabi Leader, Simbolist, Synthetist, & Post-Impressionist
- Japonisme influence–strong diagonal (tree) divides reality & past, close cropping
- Highly simbolic–Jacob wresteling the angel (God), good/ evil, youth/ age, life/ death, knowledge/ innocence
- women had just left the church & they are holding a vision of the sermon that just left behind.
- color-red= represents blood, life
- synthetism movement–break away from impressinism, emphasize 2D flat patterns, produced brightly coloured abstractions of their inner experience.
- influenced fauvist style in modern art
6
Q
A
“Manao Tupapau”
“Spirit of the Dead are Watching” 1892
Paul Gauguin
Nabi Leader, Simbolist, Synthetist, Post-Impressionist
- island people superstious
- Model is Pouri (14yr old)
- her pose is unusual
7
Q
A
“Where do we come from?..” 1897
Paul Gauguin
Nabi Leader, Simbolist, Synthetist, Post-Impressionist
- reads Right to Left
- A Time Line:
Child on the right, then adolescents, then boy standing reaching for fruit (symbolic of sin), then edge on left old women on fetal position next young women (a reflection of beauty has slipped away/ageing)
- Bright colors
- Filled with simbolism
8
Q
A
“The River” 1930
Maillol
Fauvism
- express facial depth
- sensations of thrust
- sought serenity, stillness of classical nobility & simplicity.
9
Q
A
“The Wave” 1890
Maillol
Fauvism
- intense bright colors in a untrolled way
10
Q
A
“The Dance” 1909-10
Matisse
Fauvism
- simplified
- inspired by fisherman dancing on the beach
- strong outline
- intense colors
- figures androgenous
- sense of joy
11
Q
A
“Woman with a Hat” 1900
Matisse
Fauvism
- swath of intense wild color
- loose brushwork
12
Q
A
“The Kiss” 1900
Gustave Klimt
Art Nouveau
- “fin de Siecle” artist
- Austria symbolist painter
- interest in gold illumination & details in his work (gold leaf)
- “whiplash” curves
- organic shapes
- sharp angular shapes-male
- round shoft, floral shapes-female
- Jurgian analyis: yonic/phallic, penis/phallic shaped outline
- mosaic influence (Byzantine art)
- sensous, moody, opposites like a puzzle
- gold, gilded, elegant
13
Q
A
“Slave Ship” 1840
JMW Turner
Romanticism
- atmospheric–frothy paint, hazy, sky blood red, water red/orange color
- interest in changing values of light & color before Impressionist Claude Monet.
- based on a true event: 1783 ship captain realized slaves were worth more dead than a live (because of insurance coverage for ship cargo), decides throw slaves into the sea.
- violent scene, frenzied, emotional
- color adds to the intensity
- Art used as Propaganda against slavery
14
Q
A
“Olympia” 1863
Edouard Manet
Realism
- Model =Victorine Meuret
- Manet consider father of Modernity
- very contraversial bec it depicts prostitutes
- symbolism: strong gaze at viewer, unapologetic
- portrays a prostitute–ribbon on neck symbolic of prostitution
- open flower (represents genitals)
- cat- suspicious, not trustworthy
- drapery (L) corner is framing device Titian style
15
Q
A
“Luncheon on the Grass” 1863
Manet
Realism
- Model = Victorine Meuret
- Not accepted at the Salon
- unidealized women, gaze at viewer unapologetic
- symbolism, cloth discarded & woman nude sitting w/two men dressed
- man having intellectual conversation & nude women
- believed to look back at Renaissance works such as Titians
16
Q
A
“Birth of Venus”
Cabanel
Academic/Classical
- idealized body
- realistic in a mythological idealized manner
17
Q
A
Chysler Building 1928-30
Architect: William Van Alen
Art Deco style 1920s-30s: bold outlines, geometric & zigzag forms & used new materials, much sharper edges than art nouveau
- sharp edges
- papyrus motifs
- stainless steel eagle heads
- chrysler hub caps
- special steel-facing
- essentric crescent shaped steps of the sphere were made of stainless steel
- steal gargoyles
18
Q
Nabi or Les Nabis?
A
- “Prophet”–followers of Gauguin (leader of Nabis)
- French artists & poets,1888-99, influenced by Gauguin, who rejected impressionists & Naturalistic representation.
- included Bonnard & Vuillard
Features:
- Painted flat areas of pure vibrant color
- Interest in sweeping planes of color
- influenced by Japanese prints
- Inspired by Paul Serusier’s “The Talisman”–that was a painting lesson with Gauguin. He stated “How do you see this tree? It is green, then, use green, the most beautiful green in your palette.
19
Q
Paul Gauguin
A
- rejected “civilization” (city life); was a succesful art collector & stockbroker
- went to Tahiti, Marquesa islands to get back to the basics, leaving his family behind & island companion was a 14yr old girl.
- Symbolist Artist
- Leader of the Nabis
- Rejected optical naturalism of Impressionist
- idea of Synthetism–involved a syntheis of subject & idea with form & color, so his paintings are given a mistery, visionary quality by their abstract color patterns.
- anti-Realist art–express invisible, subjective meanings & emotions.
- Inspired by Paul Serusier who introduced him to new technique of simplified forms & flat color patches.
- his work expresses modern primitivism–simple & resistant to progress or industrialization
20
Q
Nabis Artist?
A
- Aristide Maillol
- Pierre Bonnard
- Edouard Vuillard
- Paul Serusier
- & others, Lead by Gaughin
- included painters & sculptors
21
Q
Symbolist Artist?
A
- Symbolism–art movement which rejected purely visual realism of the impressionists, & the rationality of the Industrial age, in order to depict the symbols of ideas.
- Its symbols were meant to be mysterious, & ambiguous suggestion of meanings; emotions; espiritualism; melancholy, sexuality; disturbance
- Gauguin
- Puvis de Chavannes
- Moreau
- Redon
- Munch
- Symbolist Art example: “Vision After the Sermon” by Gauguin
22
Q
Fauve / Fauvism?
A
- art movement & style characterised by intense, unnatural color in a violent, uncontrolled way (exploding color).
- means “wild beasts”
- twentieth c. movement (early 1900s).
Artist:
- Matisse leader of Fauvism
- Derain &
- Maillol “The River” & “The Wave” are examples of Fauvism
23
Q
A
“Open Window” 1905
Matisse
Fauvism
- also inspired Dufy who painted same theme “Open Window”
- compresses perception of space
- vibrant colors
- pure unblended colors
- a picture w/in a picture, illusion of perceptual reality.
24
Q
A
“Portrait of Madame Matisse/The Green Line” 1905
Matisse
Fauvism
- swath of brilliant colors
- abstract color shapes & lines
25
Q
A
“The Mediterranean” 1902-05
Maillol
Nabi Sculptor
- Bronze
- first sculptures
- face looks back at classical Greco/Roman–Athena sculptures from the pantheon
- looks back to Bernini sculpture
- Shown at the Fauve exhibition of 1905 at the Salon.
- psychological withdrawal & composed reserve.
- begin as a painter & tapestry designer & sculpture after 40, due to eye disease
26
Q
Motif?
A
- A recurring theme, idea, or element that appears in an artist’ work or oeuvre (artistic style of an artist)
27
Q
Art Nouveau?
A
- An International art movement & style of decoration and architecture of the late nineteenth & early twentieth c.
- Characterized by the curvilinear depiction of leaves & flowers, often in form of vines, also define at foliate forms, w/sinuous lines & non-geometric, “whiplash” curves.
- Roots go back to Romanticism & Symbolism
Artist:
- Gustave Klimt
- Alphonse Mucha
- Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
- Aubrey Beardsley
- Antonio Gaudi
- Hector Guimard
28
Q
Impressionism?
A
- An art movement & style that started in France during 1860s.
- Paint glimses of subjects showing effects of light & color on things at different times of day.
- Interest in capturing the fleeting momement
- Leaders: Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas, Claude Monet & Pierre Renoir.
- name was coined by Louis Leroy from Monet’s artwork named: “Impression-Sunrise”
