study guide Flashcards
what do pathogens in plants and animals feed on?
living matter
when should a client ask about allergies?
after check in but before service
which muscle in the hand separate the fingers?
abductors
what do hangnails describe as?
agnails
which muscles in the hand draw fingers together?
adductors
what chemical reaction helps the resin dry faster?
activator
the longer bone of the forearm is the?
ulna
what’s the fungus on the feet?
tinea pedis
the chemical reaction that hardens the nail product to create nail enhancements?
polymerization
the bone of the palm of the hand is referred to?
metacarpus
the phalanges are the bones of?
fingers and toes
how much does a full well tip cover?
more than half of the nail plate
which of the following improves adhesion?
primer
the bone forms the cap of the knee joint?
patella
the ankle joint is made up of three bones: the tibia, the talus and?
fibula
what shape should you cut the toenails?
straight
which of the following describe “position stop”?
the point where the free edge and the natural nail meets
the muscles that straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to form a straight line is known as the?
extensors
technical term for wart?
veruca
the client’s nail doesn’t fit any tips in your box. what do you do?
use the bigger size tip and file down to fit
what is the best product for clients to use at home?
products that are suitable for the client
the skin lies between the finger and the free edge of the nail plate that protects microorganisms from invading and infecting the nail bed?
hyponychium
during removing the color on the customers nails and a nail has pyogenic granuloma, what should the practitioner do?
refer to physician
how often should a practitioner replace the towel at the table?
after every client
which of the following makes the two surfaces stick together?
adhesive
how should you apply the nail form to extend the nail?
snug tightly under the free edge
70% of the bacteria in the body is..
non pathogenic
what is the cause of onychomycosis?
fungus
a primer is a substance that?
improves adhesive
improper nail preparation is the leading cause of most types of nail enhancement products?
lifting
what is another word for sodium hypochlorite?
bleach
what is the option is best when the goal is extend the length of the natural nail?
nail forms
the muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward?
supinator
the customer is taking off her acrylics by soaking it in acetone but complains that it is taking too long. what should you do?
keep soaking it in acetone
what type of product can be flash cured?
sculpting gel
which of the following is used to clean under the free edge?
cotton wrap at the tip of a wooden stick
what substance speeds up a chemical reaction?
catalyst
the practitioner used bare hands to take out the implements from the disinfecting solution. what happened to the solution?
cross contamination
what shape is the weakest on the stress point?
pointy
the visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin?
lunula
what electric file bit can’t be used on the natural nails?
carbide and swiss carbide
which of the following is used to make all monomer liquid and polymer systems and at least one type of UV gel?
methacrylates
which agency requires chemical manufacturers to assess potential hazards associated with their product?
OSHA
which gel products is recommended for the client who wishes to have nails easily removed?
soft gel polish
if a clients nail is bruised, what is the nail considered to be?
inflammation
which substance has been banned by the FDA?
methyl methacrylate monomer
while using an electric file, what should the practitioner do to reduce heat during filing?
keep the file moving
what is the main/primary massage used in a pedicure?
effeurage
after curing the UV gel nail, what should you use to clean the tacky layer?
lint free wipe with alcohol
the muscle that turns the hand inward so the palm faces downward?
pronators
which of following muscles moves the foot up and extends the toes?
extensor digitorum
a client comes in with acrylic nails lifting, what is the cause of it?
too thick at the base of the nails
which organ can protect the body from toxins entering the body?
skin
how often does the client need to take off their acrylics?
never if well maintained
a customer comes back with a broken nail. what should the practitioner do?
sculpt the nail
what is the technical term for calluses?
keratoma
if a client comes in the salon and has a thick acrylic and wants to cut and thin down the acrylic, what should the practitioners wear to protect themself?
dust mask
what should you use on weak and thin nails?
nail strengthener
how much of the nail should gel polish be painted on?
the entire nail
liquid in the room temperature turns to?
vapor
what product is used to smooth out calluses?
abrasive scrub
a client has a finger with a bandage on and insists to get a manicure done as planned. what should the practitioner do?
self assessment
in massage, the hands gliding over an area is known as?
effleurage
which implement can trim away dead skin around the nails?
nipper
when a client has UV gel nails and complains that its burning when curing in the UV gel lamp what should you do?
slowly guide the hand in the light
in massage, a rapid striking motion of the hand is called?
tapotement
what is the product added to a pedicure foot bath for?
soften skin
a client is coming to have acrylic nails done but is allergic to hand soap. what product can they use as a alternative?
liquid sanitizer
which environment does bacteria not grow and multiply?
dry and clean
what is the best way to cut toenails?
45 degree angle to the nail
a client has bitten nails and wants to have a full set. which part of the nail can you apply primer to?
nail plate
the chemical reaction made polymer and monomer?
polymerization
how often should a manicure table be disinfected?
after EVERY client
what part of the nail extends past the tip of the finger?
free edge
which might contain sea sand, quartz crystals, pumice?
abrasive scrub
the large bone called the shin bone is known as the?
tibia
shortening nails, hold the bit to the tip of the nail with what degree angle?
90 degree
which type of gel is considered a hard gel and can not be soaked off?
pigmented gel
the chemical that is the combination with resin and proper curing lamp cause UV gel to cure
photoinitiator
why does a clients nails start burning when curing nails in the UV gel lamps
not applied properly
a client coming to have an acrylic fill starts to fell burning on the fingers. what did the practitioner do?
excessive primer applied
in a pedicure service what should the callus treatment do?
soften and smooth the callus
how should you remove hard gel on a clients nails?
file and buffer
when a customer doesn’t want acrylic nails but wants something easier to take off?
gel polish
what is the chemical reaction to harden acrylic nails?
liquid monomer
a client has bitten nails and comes in for a full set of acrylic with nail tips. where on the nail does it need to be blended?
blend the tip at the position stop
before performing a pedicure on a client what should you do first?
sanitize your own hands
what shape should the corner of your toenails be?
round
which part of the skin covers the matric at the base of the nails?
eponychium
when a client comes in and needs a fill, what will their nail look like if they don’t get a fill?
uneven and unbalanced
what does petrissage massage help with?
blood and circulation
how to soak off gel polish?
acetone and cotton wrapped foil
during set up to do acrylic, what is included?
monomer
what UV gel should you use to build an arch on the nail?
gel builder
if a customer is allergic to primer with acrylic nails, what should the practitioner refer to?
gel polish
which of the following is a product that has little or low odor in the acrylic system?
methoxqdiglycol mathacrylate
what product cause permanent visible damage to the skin?
primer
a client broke her finger or toe. which bone is it?
phalange
when the practitioner files with an electric file and leaves grooves on the nails?
the file was put in the wrong angle
what is the technical term for fungus?
onychomycosis
which UV gel has less filing and contouring?
self leveling gel
a customer came back after a few days because her gel polish chipped. what was the cause of it?
oil left on the nails
which massage is the best for fingers?
circular
what is the first step the practitionerer should do when a customer’s finger bleeds?
stop the service
the practitioner spilled the whole bottle of monomer on her clothes. what is happening to the chemical?
absorption
the nerves that run to the tips of the fingers?
digitals
adhesives
chemical to make two surfaces stick together
primer
improves adhesion (acid based, nonacid, and acid free)
corrosive
substance that can cause visible or possibly irreversible permanent skin or eye damage
over filing
excessively roughing up the nail plate with a hardened film
coatings
products that cover the nail plate with a hardened film
polymers
usually solids (makes the chemical polymerization)
monomers
liquid, individual, molecules that join to make the polymer
thermal initiators
gather energy from the heat of the room or hand
photoinitiators
derive their energy when exposed to UV light
catalysts
substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by making initiators work more effectively or happen more easily
oligomer
short chain of monomers that has had the growth of its chain halted before it became a polymer
simple polymer chain
head on one monomer reacts with the tail of another
cross linker
monomer that joins different polymer chains together
all nail enhancements and adhesives are based on a family of chemical ingredients called
acrylics
acrylates
all other UV gels are based on this type of acrylic
cyanoacrylates
makes up all the nail adhesives and wraps
EMA
the only type of acrylic monomer you should ever use
plasticizers
keep products flexible
UV stabilizers
control color stability and prevent sunlight from causing fading discoloration
collection of similar cells that performs a specialized function
tissues
fibrous tissue that bings together, protects and supports various parts of the body
connective issue
gives smoothness and contour to the body while protecting internal organs and insulating the body
adipose tissue
protective covering on the body surfaces such as the lining of the heart, tissue inside the mouth
epithelial tissue
contracts and moves various parts of the body
muscle tissue
carries messages through the central nervous system to control and coordinate all bodily functions
nerve tissue
uppermost and largest bone of the arm
humerus
the longer of the two bones in the forearm, located on the pinky side
ulna
the shorter of the two bones in the forearm, located on the thumb side
radius
the wrist. flexible joint with eight small irregular bones held together by ligaments
carpus
first bone in the finger, the longest
proximal phalange
second bone of the finger, the thumbs do not have one
middle phalange
fingertips
digital phalange
biggest bone in the leg. knee up
femur
knee cap
patella
larger of two bones in the leg. knee down, located on the big toe side
tibia
smaller of two bones in the leg. knee down, located on the little toe side
fibula
talus
ankle bone
talus, calcaneus, navicular, 3 cuneiform bones and the cuboid
tarsal
5 metatarsals
bones in the top of the foot
14 phalanges
5 proximal, 4 medial, 5 distal
myology
the study of the structure, function and diseases of the muscles
muscles attached to bones and are voluntary or consciously controlled
striated muscles
smooth muscles are involuntary and function automatically. found in internal organs
non-striated muscles
involuntary muscle that is the heart
cardiac muscle
does not move. it is attached to the skeleton and is part of the skeletal muscle
origin
the point of attachment in a muscle where more movement occurs
insertion
belly
middle part of the muscle
large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back
latissimus dorsi
muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm
pectoralis major and pectorals minor
muscles of the chest that assist in breathing and raising of the arm
serrates anterior
muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back, rotates and controls swinging movements of the arm
trapezius
produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm, they lift the forearm and flex the elbow
bicep
large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward to the side of the body
deltoid
large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm
tricep
extensor muscles of the wrist that are involved in bending the wrist
flexors
bends the foot up and extends the toes
extensor digitorum longus
covers the front of the shin, bends the foot upward and inward
tibialis anterior
covers the outer side of the calf and inverts the foot and turns it outward
peroneus longus
originates on the lower surface of the fibula, bends the foot down and out
peroneus brevis
attached to the lower rear surface of the fibula, bends the foot down and out
gastrocnemius
originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down
soleus
flexor digiti minimi
moves the little toe
flexor digitorum brevis
moves the lesser toes and helps maintain balance while walking
moves the great toe and helps maintain balance while walking and standing
abductor hallucis
abductor digiti minimi
separates the toes
with its branches, supplies the fingers
digital nerve
with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand
radial nerve
small than the ulnar and radial nerves that, with its branches, supplies the arm and hand
median nerve
with its branches, affects the little finger side of the arm and palm of the hand
ulnar nerve
a division of the sciatic nerve, passes behind the knee, subdivides and supplies impulses to the knee, muscle of the calf, the skin of the leg as well as the sole, heel and underside of the toes
tibial nerve
also a division of the sciatic nerve, extends from the behind the knee to wind around the fibula to the front of the leg where it divides into two branches
common peroneal nerve
extended down the front of the leg, behind the muscles. supplies impulses to these muscles and also to the muscles and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toes
deep perineal nerve (anterior tibial nerve)
extends down the leg just under the skin, supplying impulses to the muscles and the skin of the leg as well as to the skin and toes on the top of the foot, where it is called the dorsal nerve
superficial peroneal nerve (musulocutaneous nerve)
supplies impulses to the skin of the inner side of the leg and foot
saphenous nerve
supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg
sural nerve
visible redness, swelling, broken skin, pus, REFUSE SERVICE
infected finger
separation of the nail plate and nail bed, injury or allergic reaction
onycholysis
onychocryptosis
ingrown nails on hands or feet
free edge separation and falling off of the nail plate, infection to matrix, systemic illness, or a medical procedure
onychomadesis
fungal infection of the nail plate. whitish patches that can be scraped off or pale tallow streaks , crumbly free edge
onychomycosis
inflammation of the matrix by shedding of the nail, infection or injury
onychosis
bacterial inflammation to the tissues around the nail plate, pus, swelling and redness
paronychia
rapidly growing CONTAGIOUS bacteria that can cause infection. yellow green spot advancing to brown black
pseudomonas aeruginosa
severe inflammation of the nail, a lump of red tissue present
pyogenic granuloma
