Study Guide Flashcards
How did Ancient Greek knowledge get to medieval Europe?
Ancient Greeks > scholars in Italy fled to Byzantium > Byzantine libraries/schools/scholars > Islamic scholars and centers of learning > Western Europe
Justinian
-reconquered and reclaimed Italy
-had a strong and capable wife
-was educated in Latin and Greek
-loved building projects
-loved the arts
Four books of Justinian Code
- Codex Justinianus
- Digesta
- Institutiones
- Novellae Constitutiones
What is Codex Justinianus?
compilation of laws from earlier Roman empires
What is the Digesta?
compliation of writings from Roman jurists
What is Institutiones?
textbook law for law students
What is Novellae Constitutiones?
new laws enacted by Justinian
Who wrote “The Histories”?
Herodotus
Who wrote “The Republic?”
Plato
Who founded the Lyceum?
Aristotle
Who wrote the “Apology”?
Plato
Who wrote “Politics?”
Aristotle
Who did not have any written works?
Socrates
Who founded the Academy?
Plato
Who wrote “Ethics”?
Aristotle
Who wrote “On the Soul and Poetics?”
Aristotle
Who was famous for teaching in the public places using questioning?
Socrates
Characteristics of Kore/Korai
-6th century
-smooth, rounded muscles and an extended arm
-archaic smile and decorated hairstyle
-paint
Who was the most successful Athenian dramatist?
Sophocles
Thick, simple columns that tapered dramatically
Doric columns
Thinner, more graceful looking columns that tapered slightly
Ionic columns
Three part of the building: architrave, frieze, cornice
entablature
contained sculptured scenes on a building
metope
lots of 3-D in the sculpture
high relief
flatter, less depth, more 2-D in the sculpture
low relief
columns that swell dramatically in the middle, looking like they’re really bearing the weight of the entablature
entasis
the triangle part of the frieze, usually contained sculpture of high or low relief
pediment
columns on all four sides of the building
peristyle
widely available building material
limestone
scarce building material
marble
style name for realistic art that portrays wisdom and age
veristic style
What did Cicero write?
record of the court proceedings which resulted in his exile
Two features that shaped the look of Roman architecture
arch and concrete
Who believed everything has its origins in water
Thales of Miletus
Who believed the world is made up of a single common material: air
Anazimenes
Who believed you can’t step into the same river twice
Heraclitus
Who believed that man is the measure of all things (rather than the divine)
Protagoras
Who believed in the four elements: earth, air, fire, water
Empedocles of Acragas
Who believed matter is made of infinitely small parts
Anaxagoras
Who believed you can’t trust your senses
Parmenides
Who believed the unexamined life is not worth living
Socrates
Who believed in ideal forms
Plato
Who believed it is the mark of an educated man to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it
Aristotle
“For I go about doing nothing but persuading you all, young and old, not to care for your bodies for money more than for the excellence of your souls, saying that virus does not come from money, but that it is from virtue that money comes and every other good of man, both private and public.”
comes from
Plato’s “Apology”
Who was the leader of Greece during the Golden Age, connected with the great achievements of Athens? AKA “First Citizen of Athens”
Pericles
Who was the emperor during the Great Persecution of 303-311?
Diocletian
Who was the emperor that moved the capital?
Constantine
Who was the emperor that issued the Edict of Milan 313?
Constantine
Who was the emperor that declared himself semi-divine
Diocletian
Who was the emperor that divided the empire into two, then divided it again?
Diocletian
Who was the emperor that managed to protect the borders of the Roman empire?
Diocletian
Who was the emperor known for the Tetrarchy of Four?
Diocletian
Who was the emperor known for an era of toleration?
Constantine
Who was the emperor that shifted the center of the Roman Empire to the east?
Constantine
Who was the emperor that became Christian?
Constantine
Who was the emperor that had the Council of Nicaea?
Constantine
wars between Rome and Carthage
Punic wars
a sculpture in motion
Discobolos
the characteristic of 3D in a sculpture
Relief
a landowner in ancient Rome, but not elite
Plebian
six groups of long-short-short syllables
Dactylic hexameter
wars between Greece and Darius 1 and his successors
Persian War
the upper class in ancient Rome
Patrician
wars between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies
Peloponnesian Wars
four rulers of the divided Roman empire
Tetrarchy
the ideal male proportion
Doryphoros
politically neutral organization of Greek city-states
Delian League
music or poetry that typically represents Dionysus
Dithyramb
a four-note scale
tetrachord
the chanting or psalms by a Jewish rabbi
Cantillation
a two-pipe reed instrument
aulos
a scale whose particular arrangement of whole- and half- steps creates a unique mood or sound
mode
the second level of a basilica or church
clerestory
Ka’bah
cube
triangles formed by the intersection of two arches
pendentive
whether or not it was blasphemous to use images or icons in art
iconoclastic controversy
a horizontal band at the top of a building decorated with sculpture
frieze
the triangular upper section of the front of a classical building
pediment
an oil flask used for funerary offerings and painted with mourning or graveside scenes
Lekythos
lighthearted, for the purpose of comic relief in the middle of tragedies
Satyr play
Mathematical proportions in the movements of celestial bodies as a form of music
Music of the spheres
Characteristics of Islamic art
-abstract geometric patterns
-calligraphy
-words of the Qur’an
-varies depending on region and culture
elegantly curving vegetal and floral shapes
Who was a commentator on Aristotle; father of secular thought in the West; reconciled Greek philosophy with Islam?
Averroes
Who was a Persian scientist and philosopher and commentator on Aristotle?
Avicenna
Who was a scientist and physician that said that washing your hands prevents the spread of disease?
Maimonides
Who invented algebra and 0?
al-Kwarizmi
Who invented decimals and correctly calculated the solar year?
al-Uqlidisi
Dome of the Rock religion
Christianity, Judaism, Islam
Wailing Wall religion
Judaism
Scala Santa religion
Christianity
What material was used to build many Abbassid buildings?
mud bricks
Who built the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem?
Umayyad Caliphate
Who built the Mosque of Samarra?
Abbasid Caliphate
Who built the House of Wisdom?
Abbasid Caliphate
Who built the Great Mosque of Damascus?
Umayyad Caliphate
Who built the Great Mosque of al-Mutawakill
Abbasid Caliphate
Who built the Great Mosque of Cordoba?
Umayyad Caliphate