study guide Flashcards
A first-grade teacher is working with a small group of emergent readers and would like to promote their ability to identify the final consonant sound in spoken words. Which of the following student activities would best promote achievement of this goal?
saying aloud the words depicted on picture cards and sorting the cards by the last sound in each word
(The use of picture (word) sorts for developing and practicing phonemic awareness skills; see the picture, say the name of the pictured word, and must listen carefully to its sounds. Then they physically sort the cards by sound categories (e.g., the last sound in the word).)
A sixth-grade English language learner has grade-level literacy skills in Spanish and grade-level fluency skills in English, but the student struggles to comprehend academic texts in English. In an intervention designed to address the student’s reading-comprehension difficulties in English, which of the following strategies would be most important for the teacher to focus on first?
A. developing the student’s familiarity with common text structures used in English academic texts
B. promoting the student’s ability to use a cognate strategy to understand academic vocabulary in English
C. providing the student with systematic, explicit instruction in phonics and other decoding strategies in English
D. helping the student relate new content encountered in academic texts to the content of texts previously read in English
promoting the student’s ability to use a cognate strategy to understand academic vocabulary in English
Studies show that unless students know 85–95% of the words in a text they are reading, their comprehension will be compromised. studies show that unless students know 85 to 95 percent of the words in a text they are reading, their comprehension will be compromised.Therefore, it is important to provide explicit vocabulary instruction to English language learners to promote their reading comprehension. Cognates are words in two languages that share common historical roots and that therefore have retained similar spellings and meanings
03
Before students begin reading an informational article about penguins, a teacher conducts a think-aloud while scanning the article. The teacher’s think-aloud appears below.
The title of this article tells me that I’m going to read about penguins. I’ve seen cartoons about penguins, and we read the book Mr. Popper’s Penguins in class. Those were funny stories, but they weren’t about real penguins. I think this article is going to be about real penguins because I see photographs of real penguins. There are captions under the photographs. If I read the captions, I can probably find out the names of the penguins in the photographs. That way when I read about different kinds of penguins in the article, I’ll be able to see what they look like. I also see a chart. It has drawings of 17 species of penguins. Wow! I didn’t know there were so many kinds of penguins! The chart tells where each type of penguin lives. I can look at the chart while I’m reading the article.
The teacher’s approach will promote students’ learning primarily by:
A.motivating students to conduct research on a topic related to penguins.
B.promoting students’ ability to analyze how graphic features relate to the article.
C.activating students’ background knowledge about types of penguins.
D.familiarizing students with general academic and domain-specific vocabulary.
promoting students’ ability to analyze how graphic features relate to the article.
04
A fifth-grade teacher periodically has students analyze short science and social studies passages that are written at or slightly above grade level. First, the teacher underlines key words, phrases, and sentences on copies of the text. The teacher then has pairs of students read the passage and ask each other clarifying questions about the underlined elements. Finally, the students paraphrase each of the underlined elements in their own words and use these to construct a written summary of the passage. These activities best demonstrate the teacher’s awareness of which of the following factors affecting reading development?
A.the benefits of guided practice in reinforcing students’ word-learning strategies
B.the role of academic language in supporting students’ comprehension of complex texts
C.the influence of prior language experiences on students’ reading comprehension
D.the importance of selecting texts for students according to multiple dimensions of text complexity
the role of academic language in supporting students’ comprehension of complex texts
03
A first-grade teacher has invited a naturalist from a local wildlife center to give a presentation on migratory birds to the class. The teacher is concerned that students may have difficulty sustaining attention during the presentation due to their unfamiliarity with the topic. In advance of the presentation, the teacher leads a class discussion to determine what students already know about migratory birds and then reads aloud from a recent newspaper article on the topic. Which of the following additional steps by the teacher would be most effective for promoting students’ active listening during the presentation?
preteaching challenging vocabulary that is relevant to the topic
By pre-teaching challenging vocabulary that is relevant to the presentation topic, the teacher provides students with additional relevant background knowledge 06
Read the transcript of a student’s oral book report below; then answer the question that follows.
What is your favorite food? If it’s pizza, you should read this book. You probably know that pizza is from Italy. But did you know that kings and queens used to eat it? This book is full of interesting facts. They used to eat it with mozzarella cheese and red tomatoes just like we do now. When people from Italy came to live in the United States they missed pizza. That’s why we have pizza in the United States. This book will make you hungry. It even has recipes. You can learn how to toss pizza dough in the air and spin it around.
Given the evidence presented, the student needs instructional support in which of the following oral presentation skills?
A.engaging the audience
B.sequencing ideas logically
C.expressing opinions clearly
D.using precise language
B.sequencing ideas logically
06
A second grade teacher is planning to read a book to the class as a way of introducing students to the variety of geographic features on Earth’s surface. Which of the following types of books is likely to be most effective in stimulating students’ interest in the subject matter?
A. a book that explains the role of plate tectonics in the formation of mountains
B. a biography of one of the first people to reach the summit of Mount Everest
C. a book about a migrating bird that describes how the land below changes during its journey
D. a field guide that describes the characteristics of mountains, canyons, deserts, and waterways
C. a book about a migrating bird that describes how the land below changes during its journey
The story would build students’ background knowledge of the subject and their vocabulary in an engaging way. It also would help students make connections between geographic features they are familiar with and those found in other parts of the world.
Which of the following processes illustrates a conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy?
A. the wind spins a turbine that is used to produce electricity
B. the heat from an oven burner is transferred to the handle of a saucepan
C. a green plant uses light from the sun to synthesize glucose
D. a rock sitting at the top of a hill is dislodged and begins to roll downward
D. a rock sitting at the top of a hill is dislodged and begins to roll downward
Students in a third grade class are using weather journals to collect and record temperature data for a variety of locations within Illinois, including Chicago. Students notice that in the fall and early winter average temperatures in Chicago are not as cold as those in the outlying cities. This geographic difference in temperature is best explained by:
A. the seasonal effect of the polar jet stream in Illinois.
B. the high specific heat capacity of the water of Lake Michigan.
C. the increased exposure to solar energy associated with Chicago’s latitudinal location.
D. the decrease in elevation associated with land along the shores of Lake Michigan.
B. the high specific heat capacity of the water of Lake Michigan.
Large bodies of water, like Lake Michigan, absorb heat and release heat at a slower rate than the surrounding land and air. This is due to the high specific heat capacity of water. As a result, locations near the lake are typically cooler in the summer and warmer in the fall and early winter before the lake freezes.
Proponents of U.S. U S trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)left paren N A F T A right paren are most likely to cite which of the following benefits as a reason for their support?
A. lower consumer prices
B. reduced competition for businesses
C. lower cost of production resources
D. reduced regulatory burdens
A. lower consumer prices
BECAUSE
Trade agreements between the United States and other countries are designed to encourage free trade by reducing or eliminating tariffs, quotas, and other governmental limitations on trade. Free trade allows each country to specialize in goods it can produce more efficiently and cheaply and without added costs from tariffs, all of which are likely to result in lower prices for consumers.
An upper elementary teacher is preparing a series of lessons on the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the legal barriers to voting confronting African Americans before this legislation was enacted. Which of the following student activities would likely be most useful for deepening students’ understanding of the meaning and significance of the Voting Rights Act?
A. researching social, economic, and other differences between northern and southern states at the time the legislation passed
B. reading and discussing excerpts from speeches and writing by individuals who fought for the legislation
C. using age-appropriate resources to write an account of the steps and procedures that were used to draft and pass the legislation
D. reviewing and analyzing those sections of the U.S. Constitution that are most relevant to the legislation
Primary sources and eye-witness accounts are valuable B. reading and discussing excerpts from speeches and writing by individuals who fought for the legislation
because
sources of information about the perspectives, goals, and experiences of individuals involved in a historical event or era.
Which of the following geographic questions focuses on a formal region rather than a functional or perceptual region?
A. What patterns are evident in the distribution of ethnic groups within the city of Chicago, Illinois?
B. How is the movement of a train station from one suburban town in Illinois to another expected to affect the two towns?
C. In what areas of the Sunbelt have populations increased most rapidly over the past three decades?
D. How did the natural resources found in various areas of the Midwestern United States influence the development of local economies?
A. What patterns are evident in the distribution of ethnic groups within the city of Chicago, Illinois?
The question in response A addresses information relevant to the area defined by that precise political boundary.
The duties of a choreographer for a dance performance are most closely aligned to which of the following duties of a theatre director?
A. adjusting the pace of dialogue
B. helping actors discover their characters
C. blocking each scene
D. analyzing the script for meaning
C. blocking each scene
because
focus on visual composition and the arrangement of bodies on stage is closely aligned with a theatre director’s task of blocking—positioning actors on stage for dramatic effect and to ensure that the audience has unobstructed sight lines of the actors.
Which of the following steps would most likely come first in developing a Dance assessment instrument?
A. asking the physical education teacher to describe the physical fitness of the students
B. choosing a time during the academic year to administer the assessment
C. creating a scoring rubric that represents performance expectations
D. designing learning objectives for measureable learning experiences
The first task in developing an assessment tool is to clearly articulate the learning objectives that will be assessed. Learning objectives describe student outcomes for learning experiences that are observable and measurable. D.
