language & literacy Flashcards

Question

What is procatalepsis? And its origin?

Answer 1

a rhetorical device. started out as a greek military term. it's when a speaker anticipates an opposing argument and refutes or otherwise discredits it before its made.

Answer 2

allusion {adds context or depth}

Answer 3

When an author uses a milder image or phrase to describe a graphic or explicit event.

Answer 4

informational

Answer 5

Compare/contrast

Answer 6

where we learn about the setting and background information about the characters Exposition means 'setting forth of the meaning or purpose (as of a writing).' A good way to remember this is to think of the exposition as when the characters are exposed.

Answer 7

Prosody A fluent reader has prosody, which is the pace and rhythm that's appropriate for the text, including its punctuation and its meaning. Therefore, a student who isn't pausing at periods or continuing onto a new sentence without change of pace or tone, is struggling with prosody.

Answer 8

3 times per year

Answer 9

The Frayer model (a specific vocabulary learning strategy that helps students acquire new words. Since it focuses on how students learn, it falls under the category of representation.)

Answer 10

-ful used to change the grammatical use of a word, not the overall meaning

Answer 11

Yes, only if one student has a higher reading level and can correct any errors made by her or his peer

Answer 12

Assessing a student's grasp of phonics (dictation = assessment tool that indicates concepts students have grasped and where they might benefit from further instruction)

Answer 13

Implicit phonics instruction involves teaching children phonics through exposure to language, instead of through teaching explicit rules, such as teaching the 'sh' sound through the reading of a poem

Answer 14

Do they attend to punctuation

Answer 15

They are reading a text that is too challenging

Answer 16

Make sure their speed is not impeding their comprehension

Answer 17

flashcards, bingo, memory

Answer 18

word structure

Answer 19

struggling with a word and reading more carefully to understand what it means (they are thinking about their thinking and are aware when they do and don't understand what's going on in text)

Answer 20

Define the word and give examples

Answer 21

personal pronoun that is used typically as a grammatical object: the direct or indirect object of a verb, or the object of a preposition (me, you, him, her, us, them, and whom)

Answer 22

an adverbial clause is a dependent clause that does the same thing as an adverb

Answer 23

an optional element in phrase structure or clause structure (e.g. good and family in a good family house; The student carefully proofread her draft.)

Answer 24

personal pronoun that is used as the subject of a verb which means that it's the person or thing performing the action

Answer 25

“pancakes, scrambled eggs, and bacon”

Answer 26

an adverb that connects two independent clauses (besides, incidentally, next, thereafter, certainly, indeed, nonetheless, therefore)

Answer 27

provides an independent clause with additional information, but which cannot stand alone as a sentence (I went out on the bike that Mary gave me for my birthday.)

Answer 28

A relative pronoun marks a relative clause (which, that, who, and whom) Sheela, who is a teacher, also works as a social worker.

Answer 29

a word which refers to a collection of things taken as a whole "A kindle of kittens."

Answer 30

a subset of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest units of sound that can differentiate meaning being able to identify that the word 'cat' has three sounds (/k/ /a/ /t/) and being able to change the /k/ sound to /b/ to create the word 'bat'

Answer 31

a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language of that family

Answer 32

an additional element placed at the beginning or end of a root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning. (un-)

Answer 33

envirorment Syntactic cues use the structure of a sentence to find unknown words. The structure of the sentence and the definite article 'the' preceding the missing word would be environment ## Footnote Syntax is the order or arrangement of words and phrases to form proper sentences. The most basic syntax follows a subject + verb + direct object formula. That is, "Jillian hit the ball." Syntax allows us to understand that we wouldn't write, "Hit Jillian the ball."

Answer 34

determine words using background knowledge about the topic of the story Semantic cues use what the student knows about the topic to generate a list of words that make sense. ## Footnote semantic cues: meaning -> does it make sense?

Answer 35

100 (Only 100 basic sight words make up half of everything students will read. It is worth their time to memorize the basic sight words.)

Answer 36

Ability to understand that the printed text conveys context Print awareness is the knowledge that written language is related to oral language, and the understanding that the printed text conveys context.

Answer 37

Assess student Phonemic awareness instruction should be based in students' individual needs. Teachers should use assessments to determine what instruction is necessary.

Answer 38

to understand the function of reading over understanding the actual context In whole-language instruction, the content is not emphasized, but the foundation of reading is. For example, young children will realize a parent is reading a recipe in order to know how to cook a meal. The function of that piece of writing is understood, even though the child cannot read it himself.

Answer 39

between birth and first grade

Answer 40

different genres of books, recipes and menus, dictionaries

Answer 41

all ages The key is to orient instruction and intervention toward what students are struggling with most, regardless of their age.

Answer 42

Assessment

Answer 43

Having a student read nonsense words aloud (decoding skills assessment focuses on whether students can read unfamiliar words, consonant blends, and words with irregular spelling patterns)

Answer 44

differentiating instruction

Answer 45

assess the reading skill of interpreting theme in literature. (would push the students to process a variety of texts. In terms of theme, you can have them searching for a number of pieces of literature all sharing the same underlying theme.)

Answer 46

construct bias (occurs when words and phrases are used particular to one cultural construct, but the test-taker, Sanjay, who is from another culture, has a different construct for those words and phrases.)

Answer 47

tests: typically come at the end of a longer lesson = summative quizzes: short, occur throughout lesson, assess short-term progress

Answer 48

Formal assessments can be used to find out new information about the student, but they should not be used as a means to confirm what you think you already know.

Answer 49

essay tests, standardized tests, program tests, criterion-referenced tests

Answer 50

state clearly when important topics and key concepts are presented.

Answer 51

cooing and laughter, vocal play, complex utterance (Pre-linguistic development refers to the sounds and vocal experiments that babies make before they can produce words.)

Answer 52

advanced fluency

Answer 53

a communication disorder

Answer 54

Organizational skills are best addressed via performance and presentation (Because performances and presentations involve a lot of advance planning and preparation)

Answer 55

Pragmatics deal with the social norms of language (i.e. making eye contact, listening, or taking turns in conversation)

Answer 56

Modeling good listening and speaking skills

Answer 57

history of spoken language but instead the ways children acquire verbal communications and how children use verbal communication

Answer 58

they check themselves every 30 seconds or so.

Answer 59

engagement in wide/diverse reading with opportunities to discuss and write about the texts (students must see academic language more than once in multiple contexts)

Answer 60

analyzing the nuances of meaning between related words

Answer 61

audible, audience, auditorium aud meaning "hear"

Answer 62

explicit description of the strategy teacher modeling guided practice independent practice

Answer 63

explicit instruction in the meanings of basic English words, aka tier one words

Answer 64

public (syllabicated between the consonants b and l and contains a closed first syllable) ## Footnote When the vowel of a syllable is short, the syllable will be closed off by one or more consonants

Answer 65

teacher modeling by reading a target passage aloud prosody is reading with expression and proper phrasing. fluency instruction should begin with an example of expressive reading by a fluent reader as students see the text and follow along. then asked to read passage themselves.

Answer 66

Jon gets hit with his bat and runs fast.