Study Guide

Question 1

Circadian rhythms are regulated by

Answer 1

Melatonin

Question 2

Calictonin lowers blood calcium levels and raises bone calcium levels by activating

Answer 2

Osteoblasts which use excess blood calcium to build new bone tissue

Question 3

The thyroid hormones increase

Answer 3

cells energy production, stimulate protein synthesis, and speed up the repair of damaged tissues.

Question 4

The adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone and the adrenal medulla secrets

Answer 4

Epinephrine

Question 5

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are released by

Answer 5

The posterior pituitary

Question 6

Glucagon is a hormone that

Answer 6

Increase blood sugar levels

Question 7

Diabetes mellitus is caused by

Answer 7

The production of too little or no insulin by the pancreas

Question 8

Insulin decreases

Answer 8

Blood sugar and increases protein synthesis

Question 9

Alpha cells in the pancreas secrete

Answer 9

Glucagon

Question 10

Proteins cannot easily cross the cell membrane of nonsteroidal hormones. The hormone receptor complex in the membrane usually activates a

Answer 10

G protein that causes enzymes inside the cell to be turned on (nonsteroidal)

Question 11

Nonsteroidal hormones are made of

Answer 11

Amino acids and proteins that cannot easily cross cell membranes

Question 12

The hormone receptor complex for steroidal hormones turns genes

Answer 12

On or off

Question 13

Steroids are soluble in

Answer 13

Lipids and therefore can cross cell membranes easily

Question 14

The anterior pituitary is responsible for producing thyroid stimulating hormone, among other hormones. If the pituitary gland is removed, the woman may experience

Answer 14

Hypothyroidism

Question 15

Cretinism is an extreme form of hypothyroidism that is present prior to or soon after birth. Stunted growth, abnormal bone formation, mental retardation, low body temperature, and overall sluggishness are the primary signs and symptoms. The treatment is

Answer 15

Thyroid hormone replacement

Question 16

Dwarfism is

Answer 16

Little growth hormone (somatotrophin) is produced in childhood

Question 17

Giantism is

Answer 17

A condition in which too much growth hormone is produced during childhood. Patients may present with very tall height, delayed sexual maturity, thick facial bones, thick skin, weakness, and vision problems.

Question 18

The prostaglandin hormone is created in the same area of tissue that is home to that specific hormones target cells. Prostaglandins are produced by many body organs including the

Answer 18

Kidneys, stomach, uterus, heart, and brain

Question 19

Prolonged stress causes the release of cortisol which inhibits immune responses making the person

Answer 19

More susceptible to illness

Question 20

Endocrine disorders in children generally affect growth, so tracking the child’s development on a standard growth chart would provide

Answer 20

Valuable information about and endocrine related disorders

Question 21

Common signs of Cushing syndrome include

Answer 21

A round or full face, thin arms and legs, and a large abdomen

Question 22

The anterior pituitary secrets

Answer 22

growth hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

Question 23

The pineal body releases melatonin which

Answer 23

Regulates the biological lock and also is linked to puberty

Question 24

Erythropoietin secreted by the kidneys stimulates

Answer 24

Red blood cell production

Question 25

Cortisol decreases protein synthesis. The advantage to this decrease is that it also decreases

Answer 25

Inflammation, which decreases pain

Question 26

The causes of eczema are mostly unknown, but it is thought to be a type of

Answer 26

Allergy or the result of an often unknown underlying inflammatory condition

Question 27

The case of blood vessel dilation in rosacea is

Answer 27

Unknown

Question 28

Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 are both cause by

Answer 28

A virus

Question 29

Cellulitis is caused by __ and __ bacteria

Answer 29

Staphylococcal and strepococcal

Question 30

Pediculosis is causes by

Answer 30

Parasitic lice: 3 forms (head,body, and pubes)

Question 31

Scabies are

Answer 31

Mites that burrow beneath skin and lay eggs

Question 32

A superficial or first degree burn involves

Answer 32

Only the epidermis and is characterized by pain, redness, and swelling

Question 33

A partial thickness or second degree burn involves

Answer 33

Both the epidermis and dermis and is characterized by redness, swelling, pain, and blisters but does not affect the muscles or bones

Question 34

Burns to the head almost always require

Answer 34

Emergency medical treatment. Therefore call 91

Question 35

Apocrine sweat glands produce sweat glands that contain a high amount of

Answer 35

Protein

Question 36

Apocrine glands are activated primarily by

Answer 36

Nervousness, pain, or stress, although they can also be activated by heat

Question 37

Melanin is a pigment that absorbs

Answer 37

UV radiation from sunlight and prevents the radiation from harming structures I’m the skins underlying layers

Question 38

Melanin is deposited throughout

Answer 38

The layers of the epidermis

Question 39

Basal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately

Answer 39

90 % of all skin cancers in the U.S

Question 40

Melanoma at an advanced stage May need

Answer 40

Chemotherapy

Question 41

Melanoma has

Answer 41

5 different stages; treatment depends on which stage the patient is experiencing when the melanoma is discovered

Question 42

The dermis is

Answer 42

The most complex skin layer; it contains all the major tissue types , including epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue

Question 43

Keratinocytes are the most

Answer 43

Common cell type in the epidermis

Question 44

Keratin is a durable protein that makes the epidermis

Answer 44

Waterproof and resistant to bacteria and viruses

Question 45

The subcutaneous layer, or hypodermis, is

Answer 45

Largely made of adipose and loose connective tissue