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BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR > STUDY GUIDE > Flashcards

STUDY GUIDE Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Width of a Neuron

A

0.1mm

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2
Q

Volume of the Human Brain

A

average 1300cm^3

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3
Q

Structure of Soma

A

contains a mitochondria (chief source of energy through the generation of ATP)
contains high concentration of stacked ribosomes called Nissal bodies

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4
Q

Structure of Dendrites

A

primary extends proximally from the Neuron’s cell body and can branch into several additional processes.

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5
Q

Dendrite spines

A

are dynamic and can be induced to growth with only one second of 400 hz stimulation

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6
Q

Structure of Axon

A

dependent on the cell body protein synthesis for maintaining it’s structural integrity
the larger the axon the faster the propogation of the action potential

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7
Q

diameter of Axon

A

range between 5 to 25 micorns

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8
Q

Components of the mengies

A

pia matter (closests to the CNS)
arachnoid
and the dura (outermost layer)

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9
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

thick bundle of nerve fibers that ensures both sides of the brain can communicate and send signals to each other

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10
Q

What are the Three major Blood Vessels

A

anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
posterior cerebral artery

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11
Q

Clinical symptoms associated with the Anterior cerebral artery

A

disinhibition and speech presentation, altered mental status, impaired judgements and primative reflexes

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12
Q

Clinical Symptoms associated with Middle cerebral artery

A

unilateral weakness and/or numbness, facial droop and speech deficits

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13
Q

Clinical Symptoms assoicated with the posterior cerebral artery

A

acute vision loss, confusion, limb weakness, memory loss and Nausea

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14
Q

Amygdala Function

A

attribution to experience, processing fearful and threatening stimuli

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15
Q

Function of the Hippocampus

A

learning and memory

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16
Q

Role of mesial temporal lobe (limbic) system in personality

A

crucial part of episodic and spatial memory, within the limbic system it is responsible for our behavioural and emotional responses

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17
Q

Vascular (stroke)

A

blood flow to the brain is interupted by a blood clot of when the blood vessel bursts

18
Q

neoplasm (tumours)

A

an abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more then they should or do not die when they should

19
Q

electrical anomalies

A

things such as seizures that are suddenly uncontrolled electrical disturbances that can causes changes to behaviour, movement and feelings

20
Q

Aphasia

A

loss of impairment of language or the ability to use symbols due to the brain

21
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

damage to the left posterior portion of the temporal lobes; symptoms include fluent output, expressive language, paraphasia, empty speech, problems with comprehensions and the patient is often unaware of these deficits

22
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

damage to the left posterior portion of the frontal lobe
symptoms; non fluency, agrammatical speech, naming sightly impaired, comprehension of most language preserved except for the function of words

23
Q

Frontal cortex

A

contains the premotor cortex and the primary motor cortex

24
Q

dorsolateral

A

areas 9 &6
responsible for motor planning, organization and regulation
plays an important role in the integration of the sensory and mnemonic info and regulation of the intellectual and action
involved in working memory

25
Q

Oibtofrontal

A

areas 11 & 12
planning with emotional behaviour. Lesions evoke puerile, restless, impulsive, antisocial behaviour, sexual deviance, loss of self concern, decreased normal self awareness

26
Q

what is the result of over stimulation in the orbitofrontal

A

obsessive compulsive tendencies

27
Q

Medial

A

area 10

lesions produce sever apathy, aknesia and mutism

28
Q

Associated clinical factors

A

schizophrenia
cortical dementia
soft damage is associated with juvenile delinquency

29
Q

cortical dementia components

A

a. conversational speech is highly stereotype that is the area of the 1st behaviours to deteriorate
b. early onset senile dementia and depression are difficult to differentiate in about 30% of cases

30
Q

Insula cortex

A

portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the later sulcus
it is responsible for sensory processing, decision-making and motor control
damage leads to apathy, loss of libido and inability to tell fresh food from rotten

31
Q

Anterior cingulate cortex functions

A

empathy, impulse control, emotion and decision making

damage results in the patient struggling to associate certain actions with emotions

32
Q

What are the 5 general brain divisions

A 
myelencephalon 
metencephalon
 mesencephalon
diencephalon
 telencephalon
33
Q

myelencephalon structure and main nuclei

A

includes the open and closed medulla , sensory and motor nuclei, projection of sensory and motor nuclei, projection of sensory and motor pathways and some cranial nerve nuclei.
consists of the medualla oblongata

34
Q

metencephalon structure and main nuclei

A

embryonic part of the hindbrain that differentiates into the pons and cerebellum it contains a portion of the 4th ventricle

35
Q

mesencephalon structure and main nuclei

A

has two main parts: the tectum and the tegmentum
associated with the III and IV cranial nerve
other segments also include substania nigra, cranial nerves and cerebral penducle and cros cerbeiti
contain the superior colliculi nuclei

36
Q

diencephalon structure and main nuclei

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, sub thalamus and the epithalamus
anterior and posterior paraventricular nuclei
medial and lateral habenular nuclei
stria medullar thalami

37
Q

Main nuclei of the Brain stem

A

Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
Midbrain

38
Q

Serotonin Source/Location

A

found in the digestive system

made from essential amino acid tryptophan

39
Q

Non adrenaline source/location

A

produced in the nuclei that are small yet exert powerful effects on other brain areas
most important nuclei is the locus coeruleus found in the pons

40
Q

Dopamine Source/Location

A

produced from the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine both of which can be obtained from protein rich food

BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR (6 decks)

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