Study for PDBIO 305 Test 1 Flashcards
Anatomy vs. Physiology
Anatomy – study of structure
Physiology – how anatomy/structure works
Body’s Hierarchy from smallest-largest
Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ/Body System, Organism
4 atoms that make up 96% of body
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Cell functions
Obtain food/oxygen Perform chemical reactions Eliminate CO2 and Waste Synthesize proteins and cell components Control exchange of materials Move materials Respond to environmental changes Reproduction
Four Tissue Types
Muscle, Nervous, Epithelial, Connective
Types of Muscle Tissue
Smooth, Skeletal, Cardiac
What is Intrinsic Homeostasis
Inherent in an organ
What is Extrinsic homeostasis
Outside the organ
What are the three components of Negative Feedback?
Sensor, Control Center, Effector (ex. temp change)
Name an example of Positive Feedback
Example: Oxytocin
Put two or more monomers together by a…
Dehydration reaction
Decomposition Reactions occur by…
Hydrolysis
Carbs are used for?
Energy Source
Types of lipids
Triglycerides (Neutral Fats), Phospholipids, Steriods
Amino acids are the building blocks for…
proteins
Ratio of Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxygen in Carbs
1:2:1
What is the function of a polysaccharide
polymers used to store energy (i.e. glycogen or starch)
What is the enzyme involved in DNA replication?
DNA Polymerase
What is the enzyme involved in transcription?
RNA Polymerase
What is the machine used in translation?
Ribosome
Where does replication occur?
…
Where does transcription occur?
…
Where does translation occur?
…
DNA three pair…
triplets
mRNA three pair
codon
tRNA three pair
anti-codon
Function of SER
lipid synthesis
Function of RER
protein synthesis
Function of Golgi
protein packaging and finishing
Function of Lysosome
breakdown of waste in isolation
Function of Peroxisome
detoxification
Function of cytoskeleton
Structure and support of the cell
Function of mitochondria
Energy production
In/Out Glycolysis
In: 1 glucose
Out: 2 pyruvic acid, 2 ATP
In/Out Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle
In: 2 acetyl CoA
Out: 2 ATP, 4CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
In/Out Electron Transport Chain
In: NADH and FADH2
Out: 32 ATP
Buffer System Equation
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 = HCO3- + H+
What is Acidosis
…
What is Alkalosis
…
Which two organs regulate the Buffer System
Lungs, Kidneys
Three Function of the Plasma Membrane
Structure, Barrier, Fluidity
Four Types of 2nd Messangers
Cyclic AMP, DAG, IP2, Calcium Ions
Three types of Gate Channels
Chemical, Electrical, Mechanical
Factors that affect permeability
Concentration Gradient, Permeability, Surface Area, Molecular Weight, Distance of Diffusion
K+ potential
High Concentration inside the cell. Reverse potential of -90 mV
Does K+ or Na+ have more leak channels
K+
Na+ potential
High Concentration outside the cell. Reversal potential of +60 mV
Na+/K+ changes of atoms
3 Na+ out and 2 K+
Charge of Membrane potential
-70 mV (because of K+ leak channels)
