Study Exam Flashcards
Give at least 2 examples of cultural control methods.
fertilization, planting time, crop rotation, pruning
The use of plants resistant to pests is what type of control method?
cultural control method
What term is used, when pest management procedures need to be applied to prevent a pest from reaching economically damaging populations?
Threshold
The process where organisms in a food chain accumulate progressively greater residue of pesticides in their bodies is called?
Biomagnification
Most fungi reproduce by forming what?
Spores
Knowledge of the staged in a pest’s life cycle are important because?
a. not all stages cause damage or warrant control
b. stages vary in their susceptibility to control strategies
c. not all stages look alike
d. not all stages can be found at any one time
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
Mechanical control methods for vertebrate pests refer to the use of what?
traps, nets, wire guards, fencing
What pesticide formulations must be mixed with water before being used by an applicator?
Flowable
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about fumigant formulations?
a. Fumigants are pesticides that are active as gasses
b. the use of fumigants is limited to soil and enclosed structures and containers
c. fumigants toxic to a wide range of pests
d. Fumigants are the most hazardous of the pesticide formulations
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Which statement is FALSE about symptoms of pesticide poisoning?
a. Always occur immediately after exposure
b. can appear almost immediately or be delayed several hours depending on the chemical and the amount of exposure.
c. may mimic heat stroke, pneumonia, or intestinal infections
d. often occur as a skin reaction
e. often includes dizziness, nausea, vomiting and weakness if an organophosphate insecticide is involved.
a. Always occur immediately after exposure.
Toxicity from small, repeated exposures to a pesticide over a period of time is called?
Chronic Toxicity
Applicators who will regularly use organophosphates and carbamates insecticides are advised to have a pre-season blood test to establish their normal (baseline) level of?
Cholinesterase
Pesticide respirators should be approved by what organization?
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
The signal word on a pesticide label indicates the pesticides?
Toxicity
How can you prevent back-siphoning when filling a spray tank with water?
- Never leaving the spray unit unattached while being filled.
- Attaching a backflow preventer vale to the hose.
- Keep the hose above the level of the water in the spray tank.
- Avoid water sources with fluctuating pressure.
Spray drift is greatest when which of the following conditions exist?
Spray droplet size decreases and wind speed increases
If the spray nozzle becomes clogged while spraying what is the best way to clean it?
Stop spraying, move to an untreated area, and use a soft brush to clean the plugged nozzle.
The best way to dispose of a registered pesticide is to?
Use it up as directed on the label
The best way to clean empty pesticide containers is to?
Rinse 3 times using the rinse water in the spray tank.
Select the INCORRECT statement regarding spill cleanup.
a. A spill should never be left unattended
b. No matter how small the spill, it must be kept out of water sources
c. Materials used to absorb a spilled liquid must be treated as pesticide waste
d. A quick and effective way to deal with a spill is to hose down the area with water
e. A mixture of bleach and hydrated lime can be used to decontaminate floors and other surfaces.
d. A quick and effective way to deal with a spill is to hose down the area with water.
What are 3 ways to reduce the chances of bee poisoning from pesticides?
- Don’t apply pesticides toxic to bees during bloom
- Reduce drift during application
- Do not treat near beehives
- Avoid mid-day applications when bees are the most actively foraging
- Do not select a dust formulation whenever possible
The upper level of the water saturated zone in the soil is called what?
Water Table
What are 3 ways nontarget bird kills can happen from pesticides?
- Ingestion by a bird of a pesticide granule or bait
- Actual contact with a pesticide during application
- Ingestion by the bird of a treated crop or contaminated water sources
- Ingestion by the bird of an animal killed by a pesticide
Pesticides can reach groundwater through?
Leaching
What condition can help reduce pesticide volatilization?
Incorporation
Restricted use pesticides can only be sold to what type of applicator?
Certified Applicator: commercial or private
The lead agency for the certification of pesticide applicators’ in Massachusetts is the?
MDAR: Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources
Which federal agency sets tolerances for pesticides?
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency
What is the definition of a hazard?
The potential for injury under a given set of circumstances
A substance which has the ability to cause birth defects is called?
Teratogen
The degree to which a pesticide is poisonous as a result of skin exposure to a single large dose is referred to as what?
Acute Dermal Toxicity
What formulation of pesticides can be rapidly absorbed in the lungs?
Powder, dust particles, small spray droplets and vapors
What is the most common form of poisoning for pesticide applicators?
Absorption through the skin
Pesticides with greater acute toxicities have HIgher or Lower LD50 or LC50 values?
Lower
Acute inhalation toxicity is measured in what?
LC50
The three ways pesticides break down after application are?
Microbial, chemical and photodegradation
How should you clean your washing machine after laundering pesticide soiled clothing?
Run a complete, but empty cycle using hot water and detergent.
What must you consider when choosing a broad spectrum versus a narrow spectrum insecticide?
Will beneficial insects die.
What pests do avicides control?
Birds
Most fungicides are applied in what formulation?
Protectants
When a pesticide is spilled, what is the first thing an applicator should do?
Contain the spill.
When should a sprayer be cleaned?
After each days use.
If a pesticide drifts onto non-target areas resulting in injury or economic loss, who is legally responsible?
The applicator
The LD50 is a test that is used to compare pesticides and their what?
Acute Toxicity
What is the life cycle?
A series of stages that an organism passes though during its life
What are chemicals that are either premixed in the pesticide formulation or added to the spray tank to improve mixing, application and effectiveness?
Adjuvants
What helps pesticide spray droplets wet plant foliage and spread out evenly over the leaf?
Surfactants, wetting agents and spreaders
The tendency of a pesticide to turn into a gas or vapor?
Volatility
The measure of a pesticides ability to dissolve into a solvent?
Solubility
The process whereby a pesticide is attracted to and binds with the soil particles?
Adsorption
What is the movement of the pesticide into a plant, animal or soil?
Absorption
A blister on the hand would be an example of what type of health effect of pesticides?
Local Health Effect
How do you know when to change a respirator cartridge?
You can smell the chemical, difficulty breathing and by following the label information
Why is measuring, mixing and loading of a pesticide usually considered to be the more hazardous than spraying?
The applicator may come into contact with the more concentrated pesticide during this process.
True or False: As a private certified applicator, you can apply general use pesticides on someone else’s property?
False
IPM can best be described as what?
A comprehensive strategy of pest control.
The “Action threshold” is reached when?
Corrective action must be taken to prevent damage.
The term “integrated” in Integrated Pest Management mean?
The use of different methods to avoid, minimize, and prevent a pest problem.
The term “Pest” in Integrated Pest Management means?
Unwanted organisms that are a nuisance to people, domestic animals or crops.
The term “Management” in Integrated Pest Management means?
The process of making decisions to keep pests from reaching unacceptable levels.
Why is it beneficial to use an IPM plan for pest management instead of just using chemicals?
Pests can become resistant to pesticides.
Why do ecosystems benefit from The use of IPM plans?
It will help keep the environment balanced.
A key element of IPM is monitoring crops. The result of monitoring provides information for what purpose?
To determine the need for taking actions.
Once an IMP approach is adopted, it is best to what?
You take preventative measures to reduce or slow the development of pest populations.
What is the purpose of adopting an IPM approach?
To use the least amount of chemicals necessary.
What is a facility that is required to have an IPM plan?
Day Care Centers
When applying an insecticide in a school, the applicator must do what?
Have a valid license, keep records and follow the schools IPM plan.
When applying insecticide to a school’s playing field, the applicator must do what?
a. Post lawn care signs in conspicuous points of access.
b. Provide “standard written notification” to the school.
c. Follow the school’s IPM plan.
d. All of the above.
d. All of the above.
Herbicide applications for weed control may not be applied within 400 feet of what facilities?
Ground water supply wells
What are the basic needs for pests?
- Water
- Food
- Shelter
- Reproduction
These interfere with the molting stage of an insects life cycle and weakens the chitin.
Chitin Inhibitors
What are examples of insect relatives?
crustaceans, arachnids, centipedes, millipedes.
Why do we need to control some insects?
Structural damage, property damage, and health risks.
Weeds, Why are they pests?
Compete for limited resources, damage roads and sidewalks, plants
that injure.
What features can you use to distinguish an adult insect from an “insect relative.”
Adult insects have distinct body regions and three pairs of jointed legs.
What are the stages of metamorphosis?
egg, larva, pupa, adult
List two reasons why it is useful to know about an insects life cycle.
It helps you accurately identify the insect and target control strategies to it’s susceptible stage.
What is a pesticide that is applied before infection or attack by a pest takes place to prevent injury or infection?
Protectant
What is a low concentration pesticide that requires no further dilution application?
Ready to Use (RTU)
