study exam 1 Flashcards
Characteristics of Living Things
- Organization and order,
- Metabolism*,
- Regulation(homeostasis)*,
- Response to environment (stimuli),
- Growth and development,
- contain for macromolecules (Nucleic acids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids),
- DNA,
Evolution
fourmainmacromolecules
Nucleic acids,
Proteins,
Carbohydrates,
Lipids
The Process of Science
Process of examination and discovery
The scientific method
Observation-Hypothesis-Prediction-Experiments-Conclusion
The smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of “living” is the ________.
- cell
A suggested and testable explanation for an event is called a ________.
hypothesis
L2
Parts of an atom
Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons
L2
Electric Charge of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have a neutral charge, electrons have a negative charge.
L2
Ionic Bonds
When electrons are taken and not shared
L2
Covalent bonds
When two atoms share an electron
L2
Non-polar covalent
electrons are shared equally
L2
Polar Covalent bonds
electrons are shared unequally
L2
Hydrogen bonds
a weak bond between partially positively charged hydrogen atoms and partially negatively charged elements or molecules
L3
Hydrophobic vs Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic is water fearing and hydrophilic is water loving
L3
Cohesion
Tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together (water + water)
L3
Adhesion
Tendency of difficult molecules to stick together(water + anything other than water)
L3
When temp rises in water
The hydrogen bonds break causing the molecules to jumble and evaporate
L3
When temp lowers in water
The hydrogen bonds strengthen and hold the molecules apart making ice less dense than water
L3
Acidic Ph =
pH<7
High concentration of h+ ions in solution
L3
Neutral Ph =
pH = 7
Equal concentration of H+ ions and OH- ions in solution
L3
Basic Ph=
pH>7
Lower concentration of H+ ions in solution
L3
Buffers
Substances that minimize changes in pH by either taking H+ when the ion has too many or donating when the ion has too little
L3
Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond?
Hydrogen bond
L3
5. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. Water is polar.
b. Water stabilizes temperature.
c. Water is essential for life.
d. Water is the most abundant atom in Earth’s atmosphere.
d. water is the most abundant atom in earth’s atmosphere.
L3
6. Using a pH meter, you find the pH of an unknown solution to be 8.0. How would you describe this solution?
a. weakly acidic
b. strongly acidic
c. weakly basic
d. strongly basic
A. weakly acidic
L3
7. The pH of lemon juice is about 2.0, whereas tomato juice’s pH is about 4.0. Approximately how much of an increase in hydrogen ion concentration is there between tomato juice and lemon juice?
a. 2 times
b. 10 times
c. 100 times
d. 1000 times
c. 100 times
L3
8. An example of a monosaccharide is ________.
a. fructose
b. glucose
c. galactose
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
L3
9. Cellulose and starch are examples of ________.
a. monosaccharides
b. disaccharides
c. lipids
d. Polysaccharides
d. polysaccharides
L3
Phospholipids are important components of __________.
a. the plasma membrane of cells
b. the ring structure of steroids
c. the waxy covering on leaves
d. the double bond in hydrocarbon chains
a. the plasma membrane of cells
L3
11. The monomers that makeup proteins are called _________.
a. nucleotides
b. disaccharides
c. amino acids
d. chaperones
c. amino acids
Why can some insects walk on water?
The weight of the insect and the surface tension of the water to walk on water. The water is more cohesive at the surface
L3
Explain at least three functions that lipids serve in plants and/or animals.
a. They serve as structural components of cell membrane
b. Save energy
c. Provide insulation for the environment*
L3
Explain what happens if even one amino acid is substituted for another in a polypeptide chain. Provide a specific example.
This causes a change in protein structure and function (ie sickle cell anemia)