Study Designs - Lecture Eighteen Flashcards

Measures of Association

1
Q

How do we find associations?

A

Through analytic study designs using PECOT or GATE

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2
Q

Analytic study designs

A
Cross-sectional studies 
Ecological studies
Cohort studies
Case-control studies
Randomised controlled trials
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3
Q

PECOT

A
Population

Exposure 
Comparison 
Outcome
Time
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4
Q

Population

A

The group of people in the study

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5
Q


Exposure

A

What the potential determinant is


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6
Q

Comparison

A

What the potential determinant is being compared to 


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7
Q

Outcome

A

The health outcome being assessed


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8
Q

Time

A

How long people are being followed-up

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9
Q

Relative risk

A

How many times as likely is the exposed group to develop the outcome than the comparison group

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10
Q

Risk difference / attribution risk

A

Ie-Ic

How many extra/fewer cases of the outcome in the exposed group are attributable to the exposure?

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11
Q

Interpreting risk difference

A

“There were value extra/fewer cases of outcome in exposed group compared to comparison group”

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12
Q

Relative risk VS Risk difference

A

Relative risk gives clues to causes and strength of association, whereas, risk difference gives impact of exposure and the impact of removing exposures

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13
Q

How do we know if an exposure is associated with an outcome?

A

Compare development of outcome in people with the exposure with development of outcome in people without the exposure

Compare the amount of people who get lung disease who smoke versus

the amount of people who get lung disease who dont smoke

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14
Q

Measure of association

A

Ratio of the incidences: relative risk

Differences in the incidences: risk difference or attributable risk

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15
Q

Ratio of the incidences: relative risk
equation

A

Exposed/Comparison

With a null value of 1

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16
Q

Differences in the incidences: risk difference or attributable risk
equation

A

Ie-Ic

With a null value of 0