Study Deck 4

Question 1

1. To create a copy with a format or structure different from the original, especially for preservation or access. 2. To migrate information from one carrier to another..

Answer 1

reformat

Question 2

a substance used to fill the pores in fibrous materials. It allows paper to accept writing and printing inks.

Answer 2

sizing

Question 3

A form of long, durable plant fibers used to make high-quality paper products. Alpha _____ may be derived from wood, linen, cotton, and other plant materials.

Answer 3

cellulose

Question 4

a complex polymer that when left in groundwood pulp leads to the embrittlement of the paper created from such pulp and major source of acidity in paper

Answer 4

lignin

Question 5

A chemically unstable strong paper made from wood pulp by a modified sulfate process. Normally brown, kraft paper can be bleached to tan or white. Commonly used to make grocery bags and for counter rolls.

Answer 5

kraft paper

Question 6

a strong, high-quality paper, especially paper made from spruce fibers or cotton. ________ paper with an alkaline reserve is recommended when making preservation photocopies.

Answer 6

bond paper

Question 7

Temperature and Relative Humidity recommended set points

Answer 7

65 degrees F +/- 5 degrees F (18C)

35-45 percent +/- 5 percent

Question 8

A device for recording atmospheric humidity and temperature over time. Older models used pens to leave a trace on paper that a clockwork advanced. Modern instruments record the information in digital form to be downloaded to a computer for analysis and preservation.

Answer 8

hygrothermograph

Question 9

An instrument used to measure relative humidity and to calculate dew point.

Answer 9

psychrometer

Question 10

Air pollutants

Answer 10

sulphur dioxide
nitrogen dioxide
ozone

Question 11

chemically unstable plastic that should never be used to house archival records

Answer 11

PVC=polyvinylchloride

emits HCl upon degradation

Question 12

alum

Answer 12

aluminum sulphate

introduced as a replacement of potassium aluminum sulphate. Alum is acidic

Question 13

small, usually reddish-brown spots appearing on paper; thought to be caused by the presence of trace metal (such as iron) in paper, as a by product of fungal growth

Answer 13

foxing

Question 14

plain paper copy created by the xerox process intended to preserve the intellectual content of an unstable or damaged original document, a carbon black pigmented dry toner must be used with alkaline paper

Answer 14

preservation photocopy

Question 15

term used to describe vinegary smell of acetic acid that is emitted as unstable cellulose acetate deteriorate. The effects of vinegar syndrome on film include brittleness and shrinking of the film, “channeling,” and related physical distortion as the emulsion and film separate.

Answer 15

vinegar syndrome

Question 16

reducing digital file sizes that retains all original data

Answer 16

lossless compression

Question 17

reducing file sizes that typically discards data

Answer 17

lossy compression

Question 18

more commonly known as “backing up your data”. The process of making an exact duplicate of a digital object. NOT a long-term maintenance technique. Often combined with remote storage. Minimum maintenance strategy.

Answer 18

Bitstream copying

Question 19

copy digital information from one long-term storage medium to another of the same type, with no change in the bitstream. Ex. decaying 4mm DAT to a new 4mm DAT tape.

Answer 19

Refreshing

Question 20

may reduce the need for refreshing, and help diminish losses from media deterioration. Ex. gold CD

Answer 20

durable / persistent media

Question 21

preserving the technical environment that runs the system, including the operating systems, original application software, media drives. Sometimes called the “computer museum” solution. More of a disaster recovery strategy. Ultimately a dead end since no obsolete technology can be kept functional indefinitely.

Answer 21

Technology Preservation

Question 22

methods and procedures to rescue content from damaged media or from obsolete or damaged hardware and software. An emergency recovery strategy and usually involves specialized techniques to recover bitstreams from media that has been rendered unreadable. Generally carried out by for-profit companies.

Answer 22

Digital Archaeology

Question 23

combines the conversion of digital objects into analog form with the use of durable analog media.

Answer 23

Analog backup

Question 24

to copy data, or convert data, from one technology to another whether hardware or software, preserving the essential characteristics of the data. Broader and richer concept than refreshing. A set of organized tasks. Purpose is to preserve the integrity. some info is lost in migration.

Answer 24

migration

Question 25

all digital objects of a particular type are converted into a single chosen file format. formalized implementation of reliance on standards.

Answer 25

normalization

Question 26

technique designed to allow determination of whether the essential characteristics of a document have remained intact through a conversion from one format to another. Relies on the creation of a representation of a type of digital object that conveys all its key aspects in a highly deterministic manner.

Answer 26

Canonicalization

Question 27

combines software and hardware to reproduce in all essential characteristics the performance of another computer of a different design, allowing programs or media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different usually new environment.

Answer 27

emulation

Question 28

technique of grouping together a digital object and metadata necessary to provide access to that object.

Answer 28

encapsulation

key element of emulation

Question 29

Three most common ways to record the transfer of property are:

Answer 29

letter
will
deed

Question 30

Two things accomplished by arranging records

Answer 30

preserve evidential values

make them accessible for use

Question 31

defines what data elements of information are contained in the components of or are allowable in an information system

Answer 31

data structure standards

MARC21, EAD, ISAD

Question 32

Provides the rules for entering the information in an archival description

Answer 32

data content standards

DACS, RAD(Canada)

Question 33

Provides actual lists of words, terms, or codes to use for specific data elements.

Answer 33

Data value standards

LCSH, AAT, TGM

Question 34

Oliver W. Holmes Five Different Levels of Arrangement (Hierarchical)

Answer 34

depository
record group
series
filing unit
document