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Pediatric Dentistry - ABPD > Study Cards 4 > Flashcards

Study Cards 4 Flashcards

1
Q

/1 to NB < 25

A

/1 recumbent

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2
Q

/1 to NB < 4mm

A

/1 retrusive

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3
Q

/1 to NB > 25

A

/1 procumbent

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4
Q

/1 to NB > 4mm CHECK THIS!!!

A

/1 retrusive

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5
Q

/1 to NB- what does it represent and what is the norm?

A

Axial relationship of mandibular incisor, 25 degrees

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6
Q

/1 to NB- what does it represent? What is the norm?

A

Antero-posterior position of the mandibular incisor (norm 4mm)

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7
Q

1 / to NA represents? What is the norm?

A

Antero-posterior position of the maxillary incisor (4mm is norm)

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8
Q

1/ to NA < 22 degrees

A

1/ recumbent

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9
Q

1/ to NA < 4mm

A

1/ retrusive

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10
Q

1 /to NA > 22

A

1 / procumbent

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11
Q

1 /to NA > 4mm

A

1 /protrusive

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12
Q

1 /to NA angle- what does it represent?What is the norm?

A

Axial relationship of maxillary incisor (norm is 22 degrees)

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13
Q

1/1 axial relationship < 131

A

incisor recumbency

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14
Q

1/1 axial relationship > 131

A

incisor procumbency

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15
Q

ANB > 2 or < 2

A

Dental base discrepancy

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16
Q

All growth in the mandible occurs where?

A

Posterior to the second molar

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17
Q

Anterior crossbite (single tooth) in the permanent dentition- how to treat?

A

Fixed or removeable appliance,
Be aware of potential funcitonal shift
Defer periodontal surgery until crossbite corrected

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18
Q

Anterior displacement without reduction- what treatment?

What do you usually see clinically?

A

ROM typically limited
Symptomalogy dictates treatment- Repositioning splint, may require surgery, patients frequently able to function without reduction

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19
Q

Around what structure is palatal closure oriented?

A

At incisive foramen- secondary palate zips closed from anterior to posterior, primare palate zips closed from posterior to anterior

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20
Q

At what rate do premolars erupt through bone?

A

about 1 mm every 4-5 months

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21
Q

Branchial grooves (cleft-outer surface) gives rise to?

A

External auditory meatus, cervical sinus

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22
Q

Can ectopically erupting permanent canines be prevented?

How would one do this?

A

Can potentially be prevented.
Extract primary canines (and first molars)
If Class II molar relationship, consider headgear therapy early.

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23
Q

Cartilagenous growth theory?

A

Theory that cartilagenous growth is the primary determinant of craniofacial growth
Nasal septum theory of craniofacial growth- Latham
Septomaxillary ligament

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24
Q

Computer forecasts of growth vs. average changes?

A

In studies it has been shown that there is no significant difference in accuracy

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25
Q

Cranial vault forms by what mode of bone formation?

A

Intramembraneous

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26
Q

Cranium vs. Maxilla vs. Mandible in terms of completion of growth?

A

Follows a gradient- cranium grows first, mandible grows last.

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27
Q

Development definition

A

increase in complexity- fertilized egg to embryo

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28
Q

Diagnosis of maxillary frenum that may need removal?

A

Stretch frenum and look for gingival blanching or displacement.

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29
Q

Different areas of the face tend to do what with respect to groth?

A

Grow at different times and rates

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30
Q

Distal step kids always become

A

Class II

31
Q

Do third molars cause crowding?

A

No difference in studies with patients that have vs. do not have 3rds

32
Q

Does stress increase or decrease bone density?

A

Increases- bone formation favored

33
Q

Enamel defects associated with alveolar clefting can have what effect?

A

Increase in caries

34
Q

Extraction therapy and TMD?

Extraction therapy and ortho?

A

No well controlled studies that demonstrate relationship

TMD may occur coincidently with treatment but usually not because of treatment

35
Q 
Facial form and pattern tends to do what? 
What does this mean for a class II patient?
A

maintain itself; class 2 features will be maintained or become exaggerated as time goes on.

36
Q

First branchial arch anomalies represent what percentage of branchial anomalies?

A

1%

37
Q

Flush terminal plane can become

A

Class I or II

38
Q

Functional appliances- do they truly promote mandibular growth

A

Probably not- most of the correction is predominated by tooth movement, overall tx is dentoalveolar, No differences in mandibular growth but might cause remodeling of glenoid fossa

39
Q

Functional matrix theory?

A

Functional demands of the craniofacial complex control growth- moss and salentijn)

40
Q

GoGn-SN < 32

A

Hypodivergent

41
Q

GoGn-SN > 32

A

Hyperdivergent

42
Q

Growth definition

A

increase in size

43
Q

Growth is made up of

A

hyperplasia- increase in number of cells resulting from mitotic divisions
hypertrophy- increase in size of individual cells
accretion- increase in amount of non-cellular material

44
Q

Headgear- do you get orthopedic or orthodontic effects?

A

Typically orthodontic effects and not orthopedic

45
Q

Heirarchy of evidence- what is the best evidence?

A

Systemic Reviews and Meta-analysis, followed by Randomized Controlled Double Blind Studies

46
Q

How can you get a non-vital tooth from ortho?

A

Pressure and/or intrusion compromises blood flow- previous trauma may predispose pulp to loss of vitality

47
Q

How do you do a serial extraction?

A

Extract primary canines
Extract 1st primary molars when premolars have 1/2 root development- encourages mandibular premolar to erupt ahead of canine
Extract 1st premolars (allows for spontaneous distalization of canine during eruption)

48
Q

How do you regain space in each arch?

A

Maxilla- distalization- headgear, fixed appliances, removable appliances
Mandible- molar uprighting- Fixed appliances, removable appliances

49
Q

How does a lateral ceph aid in the diagnosis of a malocclusion? (4)

A

Skeletal relationship
Dental to skeletal relationship
Denture to denture relationship
Soft tissue relationship

50
Q

How does facial growth relate to somatic growth?

A

typicall tend to correspond

51
Q

How much force is needed to produce bodily movement?

A

100gm, which is double that needed for tipping forces.

52
Q

How much space loss do you get immediately when primary first molars are lost prematurely?

A

Mandible- 1.5mm of space loss per side

Maxilla- 1mm space loss per side

53
Q

How much wear is required with a mandibular chin cup?
How common is relapse?
Are the results clear cut?

A

Long term wear needed, more than 3 years at 11-12 hours a day
Very common to relapse
Conflicting results as to restraint of mandibular growth

54
Q

Hyperdivergent facial types tend to have what kind of sensitivity? What does this mean in terms of extractions?What does it mean for therapy? What sohuld vectors encourage?

A

Open bite sensitivity, typically favors extraction
Avoid posterior extrusive force
Encourage posterior intrusive forces

55
Q

Hypodivergent has what kind of bite and what does this mean in terms of extractions?
What does this mean in ortho therapy?
What should be encouraged?

A

Deep bite typically favors non-extraction
Therapy- encouraging posterior extrusive force
Encourage anterior intrusive force vectors

56
Q

Ideal lip closure?

A

Should be competent without muscle strain

57
Q

If mesial step is greater than 2mm, then

A

Class III can occur in about 20% of cases.

58
Q

n normal swallowing how much facial muscle participation?

What does this mean in terms of the dentition?

A

Normal swallowing has no facial muscle participation;

May contribute to or maintain an anterior open bite; relapse rates are high

59
Q

In the predentate infant, the gum pad relationship reflects what?
What does lack of alveolar development mean?
What kind of profile in predentate infant?

A

Reflects normal maxillary/mandibular relationship;
Decreased vertical dimension and shallow palatal vault;
Retrognathic profile is normal

60
Q

In what direction does the face tend to grow?

A

Downward and forward

61
Q

Indications for extraction of third molars?

A

Chronic pathology
External root resorption
Pericoronitis
Caries

62
Q

Is TMJ disk displacement a congenital condition?

A

No

63
Q

Is there any evidence of a relationship between dental caries, periodontal dz, TMD, or dental trauma and orthodontic treatment?

A

No, no relationship. There are some studies that support a positive impact with trauma, but no conclusive evidence.

64
Q

Mesial step can become

A 
Class I (80 percent)
Class II (about 19 percent)
Class III (about 1 percent)
65
Q

Norm for nasolabial angle?

A

100-110 degrees

66
Q

Occlusal plane < 14

A

Hypodivergent

67
Q

Occlusal plane > 14

A

Hyperdivergent

68
Q

Occlusal plane-SN- what is it similar to? What is the norm?

A

Similar to mandibular plane (norm 14 degrees)

69
Q

Pg/1 to NB represents? What is the norm?

A

Profile balance- norm is PG/1 equals /1 to NB

70
Q

Pg/1 to NB: equal

A

Lac of balance between Pg and /1

71
Q

Prediction of crowding based on primary dentition?

A

When primary dentition is crowded, permanent dentition will be crowded.
The more spacing in the primary dentition, the less crowding generally in the permanent dentition.

72
Q

Premature loss of primary tooth can result in delayed eruption when?

A

Prior to the development of 1/3 to 1/2 of the root of the permanent tooth

73
Q

Prevalence of cleft palate alone? What racial ethnic group? What gender? Familial pattern?

A

1:2000, asians slightly higher, females slightly higher, 10% familial cases

Pediatric Dentistry - ABPD (4 decks)

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