Study Flashcards
oro
gold
incenso
incense
mirra
murr
trovano
they find
la strada
the road
dove si trova la stalla
where to find the stable
spiega
he/she/it explains
ma la vecchia non ha voglia di uscire
but the old woman did not want to go out
però poco dopo ha rimorsi e vuole andare a adorare il bambino Gesù anche lei e portargli regali
but shortly afterwards she has remorse and wants to go and adore the baby Jesus too and bring him gifts
dopo
after
portargli
bring him
regali
gifts
pranzare
to have lunch
Noi non abbiamo mai pranzato insieme
We have never had lunch together
Io ho prefirito mangiare da sola
I like(d)[?] to eat alone
Tu, dove hai cenato?
You, where did you have dinner?
Tu e il tuo regazzo avete preso un caffe dopo cena?
Did you and your boyfriend have a coffee after dinner?
I giornalisti americani hanno spesso scritto articoli nei caffè italiani
American journalists have often written articles in the Italian cafe
I bravi studenti hanno sempre risposto a tutte le domande
The good students always responded to all the questions
Uno studente non ha capito il “possato prossimo”
One student did not understand the “possato prossimo”
Oggi noi abbiamo giocato a pallavolo al camp sportivo dell’universita
Today we played basketball at the university sports field
le pesche
the peaches
When do you use essere for the passato prissimo?
The use of essere is determined whether or not the main verb is transitive or intransitive. Essere is used with all intransitive verbs (verbs that do not have a direct object.
When do you use avere for the passato prossimo?
Avere is used with all transitive verbs (verbs that have a direct object).
My mom has bought a present. (avere o essere?)
Avere, as “the present” is the direct object of the verb to have; Mia momma ha comprato un regalo.
I have met Lucia. (avere o essere?)
Avere, as Lucia is the direct object of the verb; Io ho incontrato Lucia.
When someone does an action to themself, you’ll need to use __________ :
Essere; Mi sono preparato per uscire.
I was born. (avere o essere?)
Essere, because to be born is not a verb relating to an object; Sono nato.
I have grown up. (avere o essere?)
Essere, because the verb to grow does not relate to a direct object; Sono cresciuto.
If an intransitive verb is an action that is actually done by the subject, you’ll use ________ instead, even though there is no direct object! For example:
Avere; Ho parlato di te [I have talked about you]. Ho creduto a te [I have believed you].
Reflexive verbs, where the action is performed by and reflects back to the subject, also uses the auxiliary essere.
Mi sono preparato per uscire [I got ready to go out].
Essere is also used as an auxiliary with impersonal verbs, where there is no subject, or the subject is something that doesn’t do anything.
Questa cosa è appena successa [This thing has just happened].
Verbs that indicate the weather or atmospheric phenomena can also use the auxiliary verb essere o avere. You can say, for example:
Avere; ha piovuto, è piovuto, ha nevicato, è nevicato
Finally, intransitive verbs of movement and status are used with __________. To identify these, you can ask yourself, “verbed where?”.
Essere; Io sono andato a scuola ieri [I went to school yesterday]. Tu sei rimasto a casa tutto il giorno [You have stayed at home all day long].
Exemptions from intransitive verbs with movement:
viaggiare, attraversare, nuotare, camminare, sciare, girare; Ho viaggiato in lungo o in largo [I have traveled far and wide].
volta
time
giusto
right (?)
cara
dear
al solito
usual
comunque
anyway
macedonia
fruit salad
ero
I was
eri
you were
lui/lei/Lei era
he/she/it was
eravamo
we were
eravate
y’all were
erano
they were
