studies - names

Question 1

popular culture

Question 2

alan macfarlane and keith thomas

Answer 2

witch hunting began from below rather than on top

Question 3

peter burke

Answer 3

there was two popular cultures in society and there’s a fine line between them - polular vs elite

Question 4

scholars today emphasise…

Answer 4

the diversity ofvpopular culture and are sceptical of burke’s popular vs elite divide

Question 5

german lawyer sebastian brant

Answer 5

festivals’ drinking and gaming were the ruin of society

Question 6

peter laslett

Answer 6

believed that england was stable and dismissed signs of tension as minor conflict

Question 7

robin briggs

Answer 7

‘half truths and errors’ he found the study problematic and complex

Question 8

thomas fudge

Answer 8

it seems judicious to repeat the one consistency to emerge, which is inconsistency. a unified theory has proven elusive.

Question 9

max gluckman

Answer 9

1972 - a safety valve argued that it allowed to safely express resentment of authority

Question 10

natalie zenon davis

Answer 10

supported max gluckman’s theory but also criticised it - more than just a safety valve, could criticise existing order. remove inhibitions so it could actually make riots

Question 11

brian levack

Answer 11

must estblish the general chronological patterns of witchunting throughout europe, suggesting various reasons for the waxing and wanting prosecutions. lull in witch hunts due to learned scepticism and says the trials became enmass and large in the 1580s and 1590s

Question 12

martin luther

Answer 12

claimed that although there had been many witches and sorcerers in his youth, they were ‘not so commonly heard of anymore’

Question 13

main reasons for growth and decline in the persecution of witches

Question 14

hugh trevor roper

Answer 14

believes religion to the cause of witch hunts

Question 15

johann weyer - sceptic

Answer 15

witchcraft could be explained by natural causes and confessions were due to a mental disorder

Question 16

reginald scot - sceptic

Answer 16

scepticism was in part based on the absence of any biblical foundation for witch hunting - wrote ‘discoverie of witchcraft’

Question 17

renaissance humanists - sceptic

Answer 17

innocent victims being killed / witch-hunts were inhumane / the papal inquisition was creating the problem

Question 18

keith thomas and alan macfarlane anthropology method

Answer 18

study of oresent day society, in comparison to the past to see similarities to search for an explanation

Question 19

hellen ellerbe

Answer 19

‘the dark side of christian history’ book. reformation and counter reformation occurred between 1520-1650, direct casual link. “the social turmoil created by the reformation intensified witch-hunting”

Question 20

wolfgang behringer

Answer 20

link between events of misfortune and witchcraft

Question 21

ehrenreich and english

Answer 21

claimed that midwives and healers were persecuted by male medical practioners to get rid of female medical knowledge

Question 22

geographical patterns of persecution

Question 23

kramer

Answer 23

wrote malleus maleficarium - women are oire susceptible to evil and superstition than men because they have ‘slippery tongues’. women were more gullible, carnal and prone to infidelity and carnality

Question 24

responses of the authority of witchcraft

Question 25

brian levack

Answer 25

from above approach - ‘without these intellectual foundations, the witch hunts could not have happened’
the great european witch hunt could not have taken place until the ruling elite subscribed to the various beliefs regarding the diabolical activities if witches