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Staying Alive > Studies - Authors, Years, Facts > Flashcards

Studies - Authors, Years, Facts Flashcards

1
Q

Endosymbiosis (review)

Author and year

A

Archibald (2015)

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2
Q

Stealth echolocation

Author and year

A

Goerlitz et al (2010)

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3
Q

Stealth echolocation

How many times lower in amplitude than other similar bats?

A

10 - 100 times

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4
Q

Life-dinner principle

Author and year

A

Dawkins and Krebs (1979)

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5
Q

Stages of predator-prey interaction / predator-prey interaction cycle
Author and year

A

Lima and Dill (1990)

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6
Q

Evidence for dilution effect in ocean skaters

Author and year

A

Foster and Treherne (1981)

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7
Q

Costs of overcoming anti-predator adaptations in sticklebacks
Author and year

A

Milinski (1984)

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8
Q

Bias in literature towards prey behaviour

Author and year

A

Lima (2002)

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9
Q

The selfish herd

Author and year

A

Hamilton (1971)

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10
Q

Encounter rate model

Author and year

A

Travis and Palmer (2005)

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11
Q

Comparison and Lévy and Brownian in literature

Author and year

A

de Jager et al (2013)

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12
Q

Simulation study comparing Brownian and Lévy

Author and year

A

Bartumeus et al (2002)

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13
Q

Simulation study comparing Brownian and Lévy

When does Lévy outperform Brownian for predators?

A

When predator is larger
When prey not also using Lévy
When predator is faster
Space is larger / density of prey is lower

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14
Q

Lévy search in albatrosses (first evidence supporting)

Author and year

A

Viswanathan et al (1996)

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15
Q

Lévy search in marine predators and prey

Author and year

A

Sims et al (2008)

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16
Q

Re-examining Lévy search in albatrosses

Author and year

A

Edwards et al (2007)

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17
Q

Lévy search of predatory fish and blue shark

Author and year

A

Humphries et al (2010)

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18
Q

Lévy search of predatory fish

How many species of open-ocean predatory fish found in, and % fit of trajectories with Lévy?

A

14

47%

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19
Q

Stickleback saltatory search

Year

A

2016

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20
Q

Ecological impact of search behaviour

Author and year

A

Mols et al (2004)

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21
Q

Ecological impact of search behaviour

Increase in encounter rate when prey density doubles

A

72%

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22
Q

Ecological impact of search behaviour model

Author and year

A

Travis and Palmer (2005)

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23
Q

Ecological impact of search behaviour model

If double density from 4 to 8, what’s the increase in encounter rate? What would the correlation be?

A 
Increase = 49.1%
Correlation = 25.3%
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24
Q

Conditions that favour sit-and-wait over active search

Author and year

A

Scharf et al (2006)

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25
Q

Conditions that favour sit-and-wait over active search

When does SaW have an advantage?

A

If predator same or slower speed

If prey moving with direction

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26
Q

Foraging strategy and eye shape

Author and year

A

Banks et al (2015)

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27
Q

Kestrels locating voles by urine

Author and year

A

Viitala et al (1995)

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28
Q

Olfactory evesdropping of mouse odour

Author and year

A

Hughes et al (2010)

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29
Q

Auditory evesdropping of corvids

Author and year

A

Haff and Magrath (2011)

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30
Q

Social cues of predators - bait balls

Author and year

A

Clua and Grosvalet (2001)

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31
Q

Cape gannet local enhancement

Author and year

A

Thiebault et al (2014)

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32
Q

Carrion crow selection pressure to be spread out

Author and year

A

Tinbergen (1967)

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33
Q

Area concentrated search of common swifts

Author and year

A

de Margerie et al (2018)

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34
Q

Area concentrated search of different densities of prey in juvenile plaice
Author and year

A

Hill et al (2002)

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35
Q

Area concentrated search of different densities of prey in ferrets
Author and year

A

Haskell (1997)

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36
Q

Study on mouse olfactory response to predator cues

Author and year

A

Ferrero et al (2011)

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37
Q

Study on mouse olfactory response to predator cues

Chemical and receptor

A

Chemical = 2-phenylethylamine (PEA)

Receptor = TAAR4

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38
Q

Reciprocal eavesdropping of toadfish and dolphins

Author and year

A

Remage-Healey et al (2006)

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39
Q

Ideal free distribution

Author and year

A

Milinski (1979)

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40
Q

First model of ideal free distribution with 3 trophic levels

Author and year

A

Iwasa (1982)

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41
Q

Prey movement response to predator (mosquito larvae and backswimmers)
Author and year

A

Sih (1984)

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42
Q

Prey movement response to predator with resource patches
(salamander and tadpoles)
Author and year

A

Sih (2005)

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43
Q

Prey movement response to predator with resource patches - importance of spatial scale
Author and year

A

Hammond et al (2012)

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44
Q

Larger groups more conspicuous (2 studies)

Authors and years

A

Ioannou and Krause (2008)

Ioannou et al (2011)

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45
Q

“The colours of many animals seem adapted to their purposes of concealing themselves, either to avoid danger or to spring upon their prey”

Author and year

A

Erasmus Darwin (1794)

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46
Q

First paper looking at animals having colours as sample of background
Author and year

A

Thayer (1909)

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47
Q

Cat colouration and the background

Author and year

A

Allen et al (2011)

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48
Q

Best to be random sample of the background

Author and year

A

Endler (1978 etc.)

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49
Q

Not all random samples are equally cryptic

Author and year

A

Merilaita et al (1999 etc.)

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50
Q

How the brain / visual cortex works in terms of camouflage

Author and year

A

Wang and Raj (2017)

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51
Q

How the brain / visual cortex works in terms of camouflage

What does V1, V2, V4 and T1 do?

A

V1 = edge detection - detects simple features

V2 = assembles simple properties into surfaces and edges

V4 = detect object features of intermediate complexity

T1 = object recognition

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52
Q

Quantifying colour and texture for birds and doing an artificial moth experiment
Author and year

A

Michalis et al (2017)

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53
Q

Relating bark texture and colouration to moth camouflage - is it what we expect?
Author

A

Xiao, Sherratt, Gibson, Cuthill (unpublished)

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54
Q

Blue jays search images

Author and year

A

Pietrewicz and Kamil (1979)

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55
Q

Blue jay computer generated moth study

Author and year

A

Bond and Kamil (2002, 2005)

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56
Q

Matching more than one background, great tits foraging on artificial background
Author and year

A

Merilaita et al (2001)

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57
Q

Constraints of body plan / symmetry

Author and year

A

Cuthill et al (2006)

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58
Q

Jacky dragon concealing motion

Author and year

A

Peters et al (2007)

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59
Q

Thayer paper talking about “ruptive colouration”

Year

A

Thayer (1909)

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60
Q

Disruptive colouration, its aspects and how it works

Author and year

A

Cott (1940)

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61
Q

Testing disruptive colouration in marine isopods

Author and year

A

Merilaita (1998)

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62
Q

Testing effectiveness of disruptive colouration in artificial moths
Author and year

A

Cuthill et al (2005)

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63
Q

Testing idea of maximum disruptive contrast

Author and year

A

Stevens et al (2006)

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64
Q

Testing whether disruptive colouration is controlled by edge detection
Author and year

A

Stevens and Cuthill (2006)

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65
Q

Does edge enhancement work? - using artificial snakes

Author and year

A

Egan et al (2016)

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66
Q

Does edge enhancement work? - using artificial moths

Author

A

Cuthill et al (unpublished)

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67
Q

Testing the idea of disruptive camouflage by feature grouping
Author and year

A

Espinosa and Cuthill (2014)

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68
Q

Disguising salient features - testing with artificial moths

Author and year

A

Cuthill and Szekely (2009)

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69
Q

Person other than Cott talking about distraction in disruptive colouration
Author and year

A

Endler (2006)

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70
Q

Distraction countershading / camouflage through distraction

Author and year

A

Thayer (1909)

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71
Q

Study testing camouflage through distraction - artificial moths
Author and year

A

Stevens et al (2012)

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72
Q

Study testing camouflage through distraction - blue tits

Author and year

A

Dimitrova et al (2009)

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73
Q

Pigeon use of shading for object recognition

Author and year

A

Cook et al (2012)

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74
Q

Idea of countershading

Author and year

A

Thayer (1896)

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75
Q

Recreation of Thayer caterpillar drawings - countershading

Author

A

Olivier Penacchio

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76
Q

Other reasons to be countershaded

Author and year

A

Ruxton et al (2004)

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77
Q

Optimal countershading with different types of illumination

Author and year

A

Penacchio et al (2015)

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78
Q

Testing optimal countershading with fake caterpillars

Author and year

A

Cuthill et al (2017)

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79
Q

Testing optimal countershading with fake deer and comparisons
Author and year

A

Allen et al (2012)

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80
Q

Psittacosaurus countershading

Author and year

A

Vinther et al (2016)

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81
Q

Testing the difference between masquerade and background matching - chicks
Author and year

A

Skelhorn et al (2010)

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82
Q

Testing the difference between masquerade and background matching further - chicks
Author and year

A

Skelhorn and Ruxton (2010)

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83
Q

Frog matched filter

Author and year

A

Lettvin et al (1959)

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84
Q

Jennifer Aniston cells

Author and year

A

Quiroga et al (2005)

85
Q

Study saying Batesian and masquerade the same thing

Author and year

A

Ruxton, Allen, Sherratt, Speed (2018)

86
Q

Coral snake Batesian mimicry

Author and year

A

Alison Davis Rabosky et al (2016)

87
Q

Study on whether advantage to being a coral snake mimic

Author and year

A

França et al (2017)

88
Q

Female-limited Batesian mimicry in butterflies

Author and year

A

Alfred Russel Wallace (1865)

89
Q

How wasp-like do birds thing hoverflies are?

Author and year

A

Dittrich et al (1993)

90
Q

Artificial neural networks and imperfect Batesian mimicry

Author and year

A

Bain et al (2007)

91
Q

Biases in learning - imperfect Batesian mimicry

Author and year

A

Kazemi et al (2014)

92
Q

Costs of misclassification high - imperfect Batesian mimicry

Author and year

A

Kikuchi and Pfenning (2009)

93
Q

Two step model of Batesian mimicry

Author and year

A

Nicholson (1927)

94
Q

Study finding mimicry seeming to segregate as if single gene

Author and year

A

Fryer (1914)

95
Q

Background complexity and visual search - blue tits

Author and year

A

Dimitrova and Merilaita (2010)

96
Q

Testing the metrics of visual complexity - artificial moths

Author and year

A

Xiao and Cuthill (2016)

97
Q

Effect of visual complexity on habitat choice

Author and year

A

Kjernsmo and Merilaita (2012)

98
Q

Daphnia inducible defences

Author and year

A

Petrusek et al (2008)

99
Q

Family grouping effects

Author and year

A

Fisher (1930)

100
Q

Toxicity - separating similarity through phylogeny from similarity through adaptation - looking at larval gregariousness
Author and year

A

Tullberg and Hunter (1996)

101
Q

Inability to identify whether gregariousness or unpalatability came first
Author and year

A

Ruxton and Sherratt (2006)

102
Q

Innate avoidance / snake detector

Author and year

A

Le et al (2013)

103
Q

Infant phobias

Author and year

A

Hoehl et al (2017)

104
Q

Synergistic selection

Author and year

A

Guilford (1985)

105
Q

Naive predators - wood tiger moth larvae

Author and year

A

Mappes et al (2014)

106
Q

Desperate predators - chicks

Author and year

A

Barnett et al (2012)

107
Q

Immune predators - common garter snake

Author and year

A

McGlothlin et al (2014)

108
Q

Distance dependent aposematism - artificial moths

Author and year

A

Barnett and Cuthill (2014)

109
Q

Distance dependent aposematism - real prey

Author and year

A

Barnett et al (2018)

110
Q

Distance dependent aposematism - artificial caterpillars

Author and year

A

Barnett et al (2016)

111
Q

Distance dependent aposematism - poison dart frogs

Author and year

A

Barnett et al (2017)

112
Q

Frequency dependent selection and Mullerian mimicry

Author and year

A

Müller (1879)

113
Q

Pursuit deterrence signals - skylarks

Author and year

A

Cresswell (1994)

114
Q

Pursuit deterrence signals - Thomson’s gazelle

Author and year

A

FitzGibbon and Fanshawe (1988)

115
Q

Dazzle distorting perceived speed

Author and year

A

Scott-Samuel et al (2011)

116
Q

Why do zebras have stripes?

Author and year

A

Caro et al (2014)

117
Q

Modelling motion of zebras from a predator perspective - stripes
Author and year

A

How and Zanker (2014)

118
Q

Study on confusion and starling flocks

Author and year

A

Hogan et al (2017)

119
Q

Confusion effect sticklebacks

Author and year

A

Ioannou et al (2009)

120
Q

Human experiment on confusion effect

Author and year

A

Scott-Samuel et al (2015)

121
Q

Colour / pattern of prey and the confusion effect

Author and year

A

Hogan et al (2016)

122
Q

Confusion effect = perceptual bottleneck

Author and year

A

Krakauer (1995)

123
Q

Katydid startle displays

Author and year

A

Umbers and Mappes (2014)

124
Q

Difference between startle display and aposematism

Author and year

A

Skelhorn et al (2016)

125
Q

Do eyespots work?

Author and year

A

Kodandaramaiah et al (2009)

126
Q

Do eyespots intimidate predators because look like eyes? - no
Author and years

A

Stevens et al (2007, 2008a, 2008b, 2009)

127
Q

Do eyespots intimidate predators because look like eyes? - yes - sparkle
Author and year

A

Blut et al (2012)

128
Q

Do eyespots intimidate predators because look like eyes? - yes - sticklebacks
Author and year

A

Kjernsmo and Merilaita (2017)

129
Q

Eyespots as a deflection mechanism

Author and year

A

Prudic et al (2014)

130
Q

Protean behaviour of Pacific blue-eyes

Author and year

A

Herbert-Read et al (2016)

131
Q

Protean behaviour of cockroaches

Author and year

A

Domenici et al (2008)

132
Q

Does colour change fool a predator?

Author and year

A

Loeffler-Henry et al (2018)

133
Q

Iridescence interference with object detection in bees

Author and year

A

Kjernsmo et al (2018)

134
Q

Iridescence interference with object detection in birds and humans
Author

A

Kjernsmo et al (unpublished)

135
Q

Overcoming the confusion effect with experience

Author and year

A

Milinski (1979)

136
Q

Overcoming the confusion effect - the oddity effect - size

Author and year

A

Theodorakis (1989)

137
Q

Overcoming the confusion effect - the oddity effect - colour - fish
Author and year

A

Landeau and Terborgh (1986)

138
Q

Overcoming the confusion effect - the oddity effect - colour - Daphnia
Author and year

A

Penry-Williams, Ioannou and Taylor (2018)

139
Q

Relation between density and attacks on the edge of a group in sticklebacks
Author and year

A

Duffield and Ioannou (2017)

140
Q

What type of strategy do peregrine falcons use to intercept prey?
Author and year

A

Brighton, Thomas and Taylor (2017)

141
Q

Dragonflies intercepting prey

Author and year

A

Mischiati et al (2014)

142
Q

Trade-off between suction performance and approach speed - gape size adaptation
Author and year

A

Higham et al (2007)

143
Q

Arms race between predators and prey - chasing

Author and year

A

Wilson et al (2018)

144
Q

Study proposing idea of group forming different 3D structures depending on location with respect to boundaries
Author and year

A

Vine (1971)

145
Q

Testing idea by Vine (1971) and which individuals targeted during attacks
Author

A

Romenskyy, Herbert-Read et al (in review)

146
Q

Information transfer in response to predation threat in fish

Author and year

A

Herbert-Read et al (2015)

147
Q

Modelling sailfish group hunting

Author and year

A

Herbert-Read, Romanczuck et al (2016)

148
Q

Blue whale lateralisation of feeding strategies

Author and year

A

Friedlaender et al (2017)

149
Q 
Daphnia density (group conspicuousness)
Author and year
A

Ioannou et al (2009)

150
Q

Distance-dependent defensive colouration mitigating trade off
Author and year

A

Sword (1999)

151
Q

Flee when detect or flee when detected? - model

Author and year

A

Broom and Ruxton (2005)

152
Q

Ewe habitat choice trade-off

Author and year

A

Festa-Bianchet (1988)

153
Q

Damselfly activity trade-off and predation-growth trade-off

Author and year

A

Brodin and Johansson (2004)

154
Q

Fish activity trade-off

Author and year

A

Macchiusi and Baker (1992)

155
Q

Dragonfly larvae and tricaine activity trade-off

Author and year

A

Skelly (1994)

156
Q

Guppy activity trade-off

Author and year

A

Krause and Godin (1995)

157
Q

Tiger salamander predation-growth trade-off

Author and year

A

Skelly (1992)

158
Q

Smaller walleye predated on more

Author and year

A

Sogard and Olla (1994)

159
Q

Variation of predator and prey size

Author and year

A

Rice et al (1993)

160
Q

Response of smaller prey to predators

Author and year

A

Skelley (1992)

161
Q

Attention and foraging

Author and year

A

Milinski (1984)

162
Q

Attention and foraging - where to forage and when

Author and year

A

Milinski and Heller (1978)

163
Q

Feeding posture trade-off

Author and year

A

Krause and Godin (1996)

164
Q

Risk allocation hypothesis model

Author and year

A

Lima and Bednekoff (1999)

165
Q

Risk allocation hypothesis fish

Author and year

A

Mirza et al (2016)

166
Q

Risk allocation hypothesis birds

Author and year

A

Rodriguez-Prieto et al (2009)

167
Q

Risk allocation hypothesis fish emergence

Author and year

A

Brown et al (2005)

168
Q

Predation, mate searching trade-off newts

Author and year

A

Rohr and Madison (2001)

169
Q

Guppy predation colouration trade-off

Author and year

A

Endler (1978)

170
Q

Guppy predation colouration trade-off - predator choice

Author and year

A

Godin and McDonough (2003)

171
Q

Guppy predation colouration trade-off - artificial selection experiment
Author and year

A

Endler (1980)

172
Q

Guppy predation colouration trade-off - light intensity

Author and year

A

Endler (1987)

173
Q

Effect of turbidity and prey density on encounter rate

Author and year

A

Turesson and Brönmark (2007)

174
Q

Atlantic silverside geographic variation / growth rates

Author and year

A

Conover and Present (1990)

175
Q

Atlantic silverside countergradient variation

Author and year

A

Juanes and Conover (1994)

176
Q

Atlantic silverside geographic variation predation-growth trade-off
Author and year

A

Lankford et al (2001)

177
Q

Functional responses - how are per capita consumption rates of predators related to prey density?
Author and year(s)

A

Holling (1950s-1960s)

e.g. (1959)

178
Q

Functional responses fish study

Author and year

A

Moustahfid et al (2010)

179
Q

Snowshoe hare exclosure and food addition experiment

Author and year

A

Krebs et al (1995)

180
Q

Snowshoe hare multiple trophic interactions

Author and year

A

Stenseth et al (1997)

181
Q

Female snowshoe hare FCM study

Author and year

A

Sheriff et al (2009)

182
Q

Non-lethal effects of reintroduction of wolves to elks

Author and year

A

Creel et al (2007)

183
Q

Non-lethal effects on energy transfer - barnacles

Author and year

A

Trussell et al (2006)

184
Q

Non-lethal effects on energy transfer - barnacles

How much variation in growth efficiency does predation explain vs density

A

Predation - 32%

Prey density - 15%

185
Q

Effects of predator-prey interactions on nutrient availability
Author and year

A

Schmitz et al (2010)

186
Q

Nutrients - bears and salmon

Author and year

A

Quinn et al (2009)

187
Q

Nutrients - bears and salmon

% salmon killed carried away from streams

A

42-68%

188
Q

Nutrients - salmon predators stable isotopes

Author and year

A

Ben-David et al (1998)

189
Q

Nutrients - grey reef sharks

Author and year

A

Williams et al (2018)

190
Q

Nutrients - grey reef sharks

kg of N deposited at study atoll

A

94.5 kg

191
Q

Nutrients - grey reef sharks

% N deposited from pelagic sources

A

86%

192
Q

Mayfly reduced and enhanced risk

Author and year

A

Soluk (1993)

193
Q

Predator niche partitioning

Author and year

A

Falk et al (2015)

194
Q

Bat learning

Author and year

A

Patriquin et al (2018)

195
Q

Patterns of IGP

Author and year

A

Palomares and Caro (1999)

196
Q

Consequences of IGP for prey

Author and year

A

Vance-Chalcraft et al (2007)

197
Q

Cat, rat and seabird IGP and mesopredator release

Author and year

A

Ringler et al (2015)

198
Q

Elasmobranch and bay scallop mesopredator release

Author and year

A

Myers et al (2007)

199
Q

Marsupial, dingo, red fox and feral cat mesopredator release

Author and year

A

Johnson and Fisher (2007)

200
Q

Otter, sea urchin, starfish mesopredator release

Author and year

A

Burt et al (2018)

201
Q

Yellowstone wolves affecting vegetation

Author and year

A

Ripple and Beschta (2007)

202
Q

Yellowstone wolves affecting vegetation

When were the wolves reintroduced?

A

1995/1996

203
Q

Cougar effect on vegetation

Author and year

A

Ripple and Beschta (2006)

204
Q

Behaviourally mediated trophic cascade - spiders and grasshoppers
Author and year

A

Beckerman et al (1997)

205
Q

Predator-mediated coexistance eelgrass study

Author and year

A

Amundrud et al (2015)

206
Q

Further conservation value of predators - fish and sponges

Author and year

A

Loh and Pawlik (2014)

207
Q

Explanations of why thanatosis

Author and year

A

Ruxton et al (2018)

208
Q

Explanations of why thanatosis

Why?

A

Aversion to dead prey
Attention switched
Awkward shape to ingest
Lack of motion makes hard to locate

209
Q

Study on a hypothesis of thanatosis

Author and year

A

Skelhorn et al (2018)

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