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Oceans > Studies - Authors, Years, Facts > Flashcards

Studies - Authors, Years, Facts Flashcards

1
Q

Modelling study looking at end-Permian climate

Author and year

A

Penn et al (2018)

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2
Q

Modelling study looking at end-Permian climate

Degree change at the poles

A

5 - 20 degrees

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3
Q

Reconstruction of sea level changes over the last few my

Author and year

A

Spratt and Lisiecki (2016)

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4
Q

Reconstruction of sea level changes over the last few my

Over last ….. y, sea level changes of ….. below present

A

700,000 y

100 - 150 m

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5
Q

Study looking at describing new species

Author and year

A

Appeltans et al (2017)

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6
Q

Estimates of number of marine species compared to actual and in space
Author and year

A

Costello and Chaudhary (2017)

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7
Q

Estimates of number of marine species compared to actual

Fraction of chromista we think we’ve described

A

1/4

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8
Q

Estimates of number of marine species using accumulation curves
Author and year

A

Mora et al (2011)

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9
Q

Estimates of number of marine species using accumulation curves
Estimate of how many species

A

Over 2 million

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10
Q

Estimates of number of marine species using accumulation curves
Problems

A

Only 1 Archaea taxon

Only 600 bacterial species

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11
Q

Identification of marine biogeographic realms

Author and year

A

Costello et al (2017)

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12
Q

Diversity in the coral triangle

Author and year

A

Bellwood et al (2005)

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13
Q

Diversity in the coral triangle

Number of fish species known from each habitat

A

Over 500

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14
Q

Diversity of forams in the coral triangle

Author and year

A

Forderer at al (2018)

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15
Q

Looking at species distributions to hypothesise why coral triangle diverse
Author and year

A

Bowen et al (2016)

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16
Q

Hypotheses for coral triangle biodiversity

Author and year

A

Matias and Riginos (2018)

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17
Q

Looking at how old species in the coral triangle are and where they came from (hopping biodiversity hotspots)
Author and year

A

Renema et al (2008)

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18
Q

Looking at how old species in the coral triangle are

General ages

A

5 million yo or more

Some up to 50 million yo

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19
Q

Estimated presence of coral reefs over time and patterns of diversity
Author and year

A

Leprier et al (2016)

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20
Q

Estimated presence of coral reefs over time and patterns of diversity
Model predicts patterns seen occur when:

A

Tectonic-driven bathymetry changes
Speciation driven by shallow habitat divergence
Sympatric speciation related to shallow habitat occupancy area

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21
Q

Study looking at past coral reef area, isolation from refugia and reef fish richness
Author and year

A

Pellissier et al (2014)

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22
Q

Age of species and movement to or from coral triangle

Author and year

A

Evans et al (2018)

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23
Q

Increase in plastic debris and colonisation

Author and year

A

Carleton et al (2017)

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24
Q

Increase in plastic debris and colonisation

Number of species colonising W coast of US

A

Over 200

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25
Q

Tara Oceans sampling DNA survey (oceanic microbial diversity)
Author and year

A

Sunagawa et al (2015)

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26
Q

Tara Oceans sampling DNA survey

Percentage of genes sampled that had not been seen before after filtering down to 40 million had greatest confidence in

A

80%

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27
Q

Tara Oceans sampling DNA survey

Number of genes we know about

A

15,000 - 20,000

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28
Q

Tara Oceans sampling DNA survey

Percentage DNA from bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes

A

Bacteria - 60%
Archaea - 2%
Eukaryotes - 3%

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29
Q

Tara Oceans sampling DNA survey

% variation explained by temperature

A

62%

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30
Q

Tara Oceans sampling DNA survey

Number of genes common to the epipelagic and mesopelagic

A

7,000

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31
Q

Oceanic eukaryotic plankton diversity

Author and year

A

De Vargas et al (2015)

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32
Q

Oceanic eukaryotic plankton diversity

Number of OTUs and how much more diversity was found than described

A

150,000 OTUs

10 x more

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33
Q

Metabarcoding the hard benthos

Author and year

A

Leray et al (2015)

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34
Q

Metabarcoding the soft benthos

Author and year

A

Guardiola et al (2015)

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35
Q

eDNA study

Author and year

A

Thomsen and Willerslev (2015)

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36
Q

eDNA study

Filter size

A

0.22 micron

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37
Q

eDNA metabarcoding teleosts in estuarine systems

Author and year

A

Stoeckle et al (2017)

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38
Q

eDNA as a tool for finding rare marine species

Author and year

A

Pikitch (2018)

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39
Q

eDNA metabarcoding sharks

Author and year

A

Boussarie et al (2018)

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40
Q

eDNA metabarcoding sharks
How many species known from region historically and how many detected in total, by eDNA alone, by UVC alone and by BRUVs alone?

A 
Historically = 26
Detected = 16
eDNA = 13
UVC = 9
BRUVs = 9
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41
Q

eDNA whale shark population genetics

Author and year

A

Sigsgaard et al (2016)

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42
Q

eDNA whale shark population genetics

Loci looking at

A

DL1

DL2

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43
Q

Rate of degradation of eDNA over time

Author and year

A

Collins et al (2018)

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44
Q

eDNA vs fisheries surveys

Author and year

A

Thomsen et al (2016)

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45
Q

Diversity of marine fishes, phylogenies and speciation

Author and year

A

Rabosky et al (2018)

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46
Q

Diversity of marine fishes, phylogenies and speciation

What is speciation rate associated with?

A

Temperature
Endemicity
Species richness

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47
Q

Flounder speciation along salinity gradient

Author and year

A

Momigliano et al (2017)

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48
Q

Stickleback speciation along temperature and salinity gradient
Author and year

A

Guo et al (2015)

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49
Q

Atlantic cod adaptation along temperature and salinity gradient
Author and year

A

Berg et al (2015)

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50
Q

Atlantic cod adaptation along temperature and salinity gradient
% salinity where strong barrier to gene flow

A

Between 10% and 7%

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51
Q

Atlantic cod adaptation along temperature and salinity gradient
Chromosome associated with spawning depth

A

Chromosome 2

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52
Q

Adaptation to depth gradients

Author and year

A

Kellet et al (2016)

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53
Q

Depth adaptation beaked redfish study

Author and year

A

Shum et al (2014)

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54
Q

Depth adaptation roundnose grenadier

Author and year

A

Gaither et al (2018)

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55
Q

Depth adaptation roundnose grenadier

Shallow and deep depths

A 
Shallow = 1000 m
Deep = 1,500 m
(Deepest = 1,800 m)
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56
Q

Depth adaptation in shallow water

Author and year

A

Whitney et al (2018)

Two studies in same year

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57
Q

Depth adaptation in shallow water

Locus under selection

A

MC1R

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58
Q

Snail adaptation to different hosts

Author and year

A

Simmonds et al (2018)

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59
Q

Local adaptation and speciation surgeonfishes study

Author and year

A

Gaither et al (2015)

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60
Q

Killer whale divergence / speciation

Author and year

A

Morin et al (2015)

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61
Q

What is driving killer whale divergence / speciation

Author and year

A

Foote et al (2016)

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62
Q

Adaptation and climate change

Author and year

A

Vargas et al (2017)

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63
Q

Active acoustics methods

Author and year

A

Benoit-Bird and Lawson (2016)

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64
Q

Active acoustics DVM

Author and year

A

Klevjer et al (2016)

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65
Q

Active acoustics for biomass estimation

A

Irigoien et al (2014)

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66
Q

Active acoustics for biomass estimation

Estimated mesopelagic fish biomass

A

11,000 - 15,000 million tonnes

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67
Q

DVM during the polar night

Author and year

A

Last et al (2016)

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68
Q

PAM gulf corvina mating

Author and year

A

Erisman and Rowell (2017)

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69
Q

Right whale PAM monitoring

Author and year

A

Davis et al (2017)

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70
Q

Lizard island coral reef noise

Author and year

A

Gordan et al (2018)

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71
Q

Acoutsic tags showing space use of goatfish

Author and year

A

Meyer (2017)

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72
Q

Acoustic tags showing space use of Atlantic cod

A

Frietas et al (2015)

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73
Q

Satellite tags

Author and year

A

Hussey et al (2015)

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74
Q

Basking sharks behaviour satellite tags

Author and year

A

Doherty et al (2017)

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75
Q

Satellite tag species space use

Author and year

A

Harrison et al (2018)

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76
Q

Satellite images for biodiversity mapping (great whale)

Author and year

A

Cubaynes et al (2018)

77
Q

Satellite images of emperor penguin colony

Author and year

A

Fretwell and Tratham (2009)

78
Q

Satellite images of king penguin colony

Author and year

A

Weimerskirch et al (2018)

79
Q

Satellite images of king penguin colony

Colony decline over last 5 years

A

500,000 pairs to 60,000

80
Q

AUV use in geosciences / bathymetric mapping

Author and year

A

Wynn et al (2014)

81
Q

AUVs for ecological sciences

Author and year

A

Morris et al (2014)

82
Q

AUVs for tracking animals

Author and year

A

White et al (2016)

83
Q

Landers study

Author and year

A

Linley et al (2016)

84
Q

Kermadec Trench lander study

Author and year

A

Jamieson et al (2011)

85
Q

Jellyfish lander study

Author and year

A

Sweetman et al (2014)

86
Q

Landers, speciation, habitat preference and abundance in the deep sea
Author and year

A

Linley et al (2016)

87
Q

Landers and species abundance

Author and year

A

Linley et al (2018)

88
Q

Landers and species abundance

Density of fish in deep sea

A

10 fish per km^2

89
Q

Greenland shark BRUV study

Author and year

A

Devine et al (2018)

90
Q

Static autonomous sampling of plankton (looking at bioluminescence)
Author and year

A

Cronin et al (2016)

91
Q

Autonomous flying vehicles and coral bleaching

Author and year

A

Levy et al (2018)

92
Q

Autonomous flying vehicles and coral bleaching

Error rate at 0.5 m

A

50%

93
Q

Autonomous time lapse camera and southern right whales

Author and year

A

Rayment et al (2018)

94
Q

Autonomous technology and crown of thorns starfish

Author and year

A

Takemura et al (2015)

95
Q

Using remote sensing to monitor harmful algal blooms

Author and year

A

Stumpf et al (2003)

96
Q

Toxic dianoflagellate that produces brevetoxins

Author and year

A

Tester and Steidinger (1997)

97
Q

European HABs

Author and year

A

Miller et al (2006)

98
Q

Using remote sensing to monitor ocean colour

Author and year

A

Dutkiewicz et al (2019)

99
Q

Using remote sensing to monitor coral bleaching

Author and year

A

Mumby et al (2004)

100
Q

Common types of trawl system

Author and year

A

Steppurs et al (2016)

101
Q

Common types of trawl system

2 most common

A

Bongo plankton nets

Tucker trawl

102
Q

Deep sea viruses

Author and year

A

Danovaro et al (2008)

103
Q

Deep sea viruses

How many

A

10^30 - 10^31

104
Q

Deep sea viruses - role in the deep sea

Author and year

A

Corinaldesi (2015)

105
Q

Deep sea viruses - role in the deep sea

How much carbon released?

A

0.37-0.63 gigatonnes

106
Q

Bioluminescence uses - camouflage

Author and year

A

Widder (2001)

107
Q

Bioluminescence uses - behaviour / antipredator

Author and year

A

Haddock et al (2010)

108
Q

Bioluminescence - why closely related lineages accumulate species at different rates
Author and year

A

Ellis and Oakley (2016)

109
Q

Extremophiles - adaptation to pressure

Author and year

A

Somero (1992)

110
Q

Extremophiles - adaptation to pressure - homeoviscous adaptation
Author and year

A

Cossins and MacDonald (1989)

111
Q

Extremophiles - protein compressability

Author and year

A

Porter, Roberts and Partridge (2016)

112
Q

Idea of chemical speciation

Author and year

A

Luther et al (2001)

113
Q

CO2 vents and communities

Author and year

A

Hall-Spencer et al (2008)

114
Q

CO2 vents and communities

Proportion of species lost at what change in pH?

A

Change - 8 to 7.8

Species lost - 1/3rd

115
Q

Ocean acidification over geological history

Author and year

A

Hönisch et al (2018)

116
Q

DVM - variance of behaviour of closely related species

Author and year

A

Donaldson (1975)

117
Q

Using echosounders to see DVM

Author and year

A

Brierley (2014)

118
Q

Using echosounders to see DVM - different locations

Author and year

A

Klevjer et al (2016)

119
Q

Better hungry than dead principle

Author and year

A

Kremer and Kremer (1988)

120
Q

Competitive exculsion

Author and year

A

Hardin (1960)

121
Q

Initial discovery that many DVM species of Euphausiid only feed at night
Author and year

A

Rogers (1973)

122
Q

Effects of changing climate on DVM

Author and year

A

Brierley and Kingsford (2009)

123
Q

Effects of ocean acidification on DVM

Author and year

A

Fabry et al (2008)

124
Q

Different impacts on DVM species from climate change (review)
Author and year

A

Bednaršek et al. (2016)

125
Q

Communication between marine organisms - grouper and moray eel
Author

A

Bshary et al

126
Q

Communication between marine organisms - initial paper

Author and year

A

Behsary et al (2006)

127
Q

Communication between marine organisms - second paper

Author and year

A

Vail et al (2013)

128
Q

Communication between marine organisms - third paper - focussing on different species
Author and year

A

Vail et al (2014)

129
Q

Hearing sensitivity of baked whales

Author and year

A

Pacini et al (2011)

130
Q

Zones of influence

Author and year

A

Richardson et al (1995)

131
Q

Zones of influence

The zones

A

Detection
Masking
Response
Hearing loss, discomfort, injury

132
Q 
Bahamas BRS (sonar)
Author and year
A

Tyack et al (2011)

133
Q 
Bahamas BRS (sonar)
Year done in
A

2007

134
Q

SOCAL BRS - beaked whale (sonar)

Author and year

A

DeRuiter et al (2013)

135
Q

SOCAL BRS - blue whales (sonar)

Author and year

A

Goldbogen et al (2013)

136
Q

SOCAL BRS - blue whales (sonar)

Different foraging depths

A

Shallow - 20 m

Deep - 150 - 200 m

137
Q

SOCAL BRS - blue whales (sonar)
Normal feeding rate
Amount of time stopped feeding
Amount of food lost during response

A

19 kg per minute
62 minutes
1 metric ton

138
Q

Paper looking at quantitative data from 2015-2016 bleaching event
Author and year

A

Hughes et al (2018)

139
Q

Paper looking at quantitative data from 2015-2016 bleaching event
% coral lost in N 1/3rd

A

60%

140
Q

Geographic pattern of bleaching in GBR

Author and year

A

Hughes et al (2017)

141
Q

Geographic pattern of bleaching in GBR - DHWs

Author and year

A

Hughes et al (2018)

142
Q

Species patterns of loss during bleaching

Author and year

A

Hughes et al (2017)

143
Q

What can be done? - some corals can cope

Author and year

A

van Oppen et al (2015)

144
Q

What can be done? - some corals can cope - transcriptomic analysis
Author and year

A

Dixon et al (2015)

145
Q

POPs

Author and year

A

Desforges et al (2018)

146
Q

Vulnerability of elephant seals to POPs

Author and year

A

Peterson et al (2015)

147
Q

POPs in the deep sea

Author and year

A

Dasgupta et al (2018)

148
Q

POPs in the deep sea amphipods

Author and year

A

Jamieson et al (2007)

149
Q

Marine plastic pollution classifications

Author and year

A

Paul-Point et al (2018)

150
Q

Sources of marine plastic

Author and year

A

Jambeck et al (2015)

151
Q

Sources of marine plastic

Tonnes of plastic into seas every year

A

8-12 million tonnes

152
Q

Sources of marine plastic

% plastic coming in through river systems

A

80%

153
Q

Sources of marine plastic - more detailed study

Author and year

A

Lebreton et al (2017)

154
Q

Where does plastic pollution go?

Author and year

A

Kaiser (2010)

155
Q

Plastic and marine seabirds

Author and year

A

Worm et al (2015)

156
Q

Plastic and marine seabirds - metanalysis

Author and year

A

Wilcox et al (2015)

157
Q

Plastic and marine seabirds - metanalysis and risk

% individuals with plastic in gut

A

29%

158
Q

Plastics in the deep sea

Author and year

A

Taylor et al (2016)

159
Q

Plastic risk to marine life - corals - Lophelia

Author and year

A

Chapron et al (2018)

160
Q

Plastic risk to marine life - corals - shallow

Author and year

A

Lamb et al (2018)

161
Q

Absorption of pollution by plastics

Author and year

A

Rochman et al (2012)

162
Q

Absorption of pollution by plastics

Plastics

A 
HDPE
LDPE
PP
PVC
PET
163
Q

Absorption of pollution by plastics - Norway lobster, shearwaters
Author and year

A

Devriese et al (2017)

164
Q

Absorption of pollution by plastics - Norway seabirds

Author and year

A

Tanaka et al (2013)

165
Q

Transport of marine plastics

Author and year

A

Paul-Point et al (2018)

166
Q

Transport of marine plastics

% from land and sea

A

Land - 80%

Sea - 20%

167
Q

What can we do about it?

Author and year

A

Wilcox et al (2016)

168
Q

Stressors on marine systems

Author and year

A

Halpern et al (2008)

169
Q

Stressors on marine systems - more recent

Author and year

A

Halpern et al (2015)

170
Q

MPAs

Author and year

A

Watson et al (2014)

171
Q

MPAs

When did they start being created?

A

1980s

172
Q

Direct and indirect effects of MPAs

Author and year

A

Grorud-Colvert et al (2010)

173
Q

Mediterranean MPA

Author and year

A

García-Rubies et al (2013)

174
Q

European shelf seas MPA - lobsters

Author and year

A

Kleiven et al (2019)

175
Q

European shelf seas MPA - lobsters

How long does it take to see benefit

A

2 years

176
Q

Chagos archipelago MPA

Author and year

A

Graham et al (2018)

177
Q

Focus on wilderness with land? (MPAs)

Author and year

A

Watson et al (2016)

178
Q

Focus on wilderness with MPAs? (MPAs)

Author and year

A

Jones et al (2018)

179
Q

Focus on wilderness with MPAs? (MPAs)

Marine wilderness area

A

2.67 million km^2

180
Q

Focus on wilderness with MPAs? (MPAs)

% marine wilderness protected

A

5%

181
Q

Fishing data - MPAs

Author and year

A

Kroodsma et al (2018a)

182
Q

Fishing data - MPAs

% ocean covered by industrial fisheries

A

55%

183
Q

Fishing data - MPAs - are 55% of seas really fished at all times?
Author and year

A

Amoroso et al (2018)

184
Q

Fishing data - MPAs - really 55% - response

Author and year

A

Kroodsma et al (2018b)

185
Q

How effective are MPAs?

Author and year

A

Dureuil et al (2018)

186
Q

What makes a good MPA?

Author and year

A

Edgar et al (2014)

187
Q

What makes a good MPA?

What should you do?

A

Use dive surveys to look at diversity and abundance
Model environmental variables against dive surveys abundance and scale up spatially
Compare dive survey results to modelled expectations

188
Q

What management methods help MPAs?

Author and year

A

Gill et al (2017)

189
Q

MPAs and the public

Author and year

A

Visbeck et al (2018)

Oceans (5 decks)

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